民事非法证据排除研究

民事诉讼法是我国法律体系中的重要一环，是保障我国民事法律诉讼的重要程序性法规。其地位是我国众多法律法规中实用性较强的法律。目前在我们的审判机关中，民事诉讼占比最大、广大人民群众接触最多、案件涉及面最广。但是伴随全面依法治国的不断推进，我国公民的法律意识不断提高，公民的诉讼需求不断加大，对法官办案质量的要求不断提高。在诉讼过程中，提交证据的证明力是关乎本场官司能否制胜的关键与核心。在矛盾不断白热化的今天，更多的当事人选择冒险使用非法证据，进而导致非法证据的问题不断的深入，之前的法律法规面对这些问题，已经力不从心了。
截至到目前，我们的法律法规还没有专门针对民事诉讼中，关于非法证据材料的统一排除规则这一具体问题的详尽性的规定。只是最高人民法院通过发布的司法解释中进行了原则性的规定：如果当事人取得的证据侵犯公民的合法权益或者违背法律禁止性规定，这样的证据即使有助于查明案件事实也不能被法庭采纳作为定案依据。显而易见，在这种模式下，当事人显然不能对这样的制度深入理解，审判法官也很难通过这样的制度把握司法解释所要表达的实质性的精髓，进而导致我们的人民法官在审判时的无奈。因此针对于这一规则的未来，在法学学术界和审判实务界引发了高度的关注，我希望我们的法律界人士能够尽早尽快推进其落实。
我认为民事非法证据的彩信与否其实就是“案件事实”与“程序不合法”两个方面的冲突，它们本身就是以矛盾的形式存在的。其深层所隐含的就是实体正义与程序正义的艰难抉择，这体现出了我国诉讼模式由传统的“重实体,轻程序”到“实体程序并重”的历史进程。针对该问题,我国现有的法律存在着较多的疏忽之处。本篇文章在总结国内审判实践、借鉴国外相关案例。
 
关键词：民事诉讼；非法证据；证据排除
Abstract
Civil procedure law is an important part of China's legal system and an important procedural law to protect China's civil litigation. Its status is in our country numerous laws and regulations in the practical stronger law. At present, civil litigation accounts for the largest proportion in our judicial organs, and the majority of the people have the most contact with each other. However, with the continuous advancement of the rule of law in an all-round way, the legal awareness of Chinese citizens has been constantly improved, the demand for litigation by citizens has been continuously increased, and the quality of case handling by judges has been continuously improved. In the process of litigation, the submission of evidence is the key to win the case and the core. In today's increasingly heated conflicts, more parties choose to take risks to use illegal evidence, which leads to the deepening of the problem of illegal evidence. The previous laws and regulations have been unable to deal with these problems.Up to now, our laws and regulations have no specific provisions on the specific issue of exclusionary rule of illegal evidence in civil litigation. However, the supreme people's court has stipulated in principle in the judicial interpretation issued by it: if the evidence obtained by the parties infringes upon the legitimate rights and interests of citizens or violates the prohibitive provisions of the law, such evidence, even if it helps to find out the facts of the case, cannot be adopted by the court as the basis for deciding the case. Obviously, in this mode, the parties obviously cannot have a deep understanding of such a system, and it is difficult for the trial judge to grasp the essential essence of the judicial interpretation through such a system, thus leading to the helplessness of our people's judges in the trial. Therefore, in view of the future of this rule, it has aroused great attention in the legal academic circle and the trial practice circle. I hope our legal professionals can promote its implementation as soon as possible.

Keywords: civil litigation; Illegal evidence; Evidence to rule out

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