论音乐作品抄袭的界定

现如今时代发展迅速，网络自媒体等社交媒体软件飞速发展，是长处自然也存在弊端，包括但不限于抄袭等违法行为。大部分人，为了一己私利，抄袭，“搬运”他人劳动成果，尤其是在网络发展飞速的今天，许多人认为网络可以成为他们的“保护盾”。仗着网络与现实的举例，肆意不顾法律法规，损人利己。同时很多听众不太了解音乐作品抄袭的界定，他们只会用耳朵去判断一个作品是否抄袭，这无疑会导致一些作者平白受到“冤枉”。在音乐领域，几乎每隔一段时间，就会有一些旋律相似的歌曲被网友深扒比对。前不久，就有人在网上放出数十首涉嫌抄袭的华语歌曲旋律片段，进而引发又一波对于作品本身是否具有“重大抄袭嫌疑”的网络讨论。对于创作者而言，“抄袭”可谓一个严重的指控。不过，与网上讨论的被指控涉嫌抄袭的歌曲相比，法院真正判决构成抄袭的歌曲，实在少之又少。“抄袭”，就意味着是“著作权侵权”，现在使用最多的是“接触+实质性相似”盘对的准则。按照行业惯例，每首歌曲里有8小节相同即可视为抄袭。如被告上法庭打官司，就要准备当时创作的母带或相关的著作证据。典型的例子有周星驰的《国产凌凌漆》高仿007主题曲，《人再囧途之泰囧》中高仿《还珠格格》的出场乐。但所谓“8小节相同为抄袭”不能作为法律标准，事实上无论是《中华人民共和国著作权法》、《国际版权法》、《保护文学和艺术作品伯尔尼公约》还是任何一个国家的法律都没有过“×小节以下相同不算抄袭”的规定。某个作品是否存在抄袭需由法官判断是否存在“实质性相似”。有的时候，就算差不多地方没有达到8个小节，或在被诉侵权人的成果中所占分量不多，可还能让听者听出是那首其他作品，也可以被判断成构成实质性相似，即构成侵权。

关键词：抄袭；著作权；界定；音乐

Abstract
The rapid development of the times and the rapid development of social media software such as Internet self-media is a natural advantage and disadvantage, including, but not limited to, illegal acts such as plagiarism. Most people, for their own self-interest, plagiarism, "carry" other people's labor achievements, especially in the rapid development of the network today, many people think that the network can become their "protection shield." Relying on the network and practical examples, reckless disregard of laws and regulations, to the detriment of self-interest. At the same time, many listeners do not understand the definition of plagiarism, they will only use their ears to judge whether a work is plagiarism, which will undoubtedly lead to some writers being "wronged". In the music collar Domain, almost every once in a while, there will be some similar melody songs by netizens deep comparison. Not long ago, dozens of Chinese-language song melodies suspected of plagiarism were released online, triggering another wave of online discussion about whether the work itself is suspected of major plagiarism. For the creator, "plagiarism" is a serious accusation. However, compared to the online discussion of songs accused of alleged plagiarism, the court actually ruled that very few songs constitute plagiarism. "plagiarism", that is, constitute "copyright infringement", is widely used at present is "contact substantive similarity" standard. By industry habit For example, 8 bars in each song can be regarded as plagiarism. If defendant goes to court lawsuit, must prepare at that time creation mother belt or related works evidence. Typical examples are Zhou Xingchi's "homemade Lingling lacquer" theme song "Gaofeng007", "lost in Thailand", the appearance music of Gaofen "returning the Pearl Lattice" in "the Chinese Lingling lacquer" and the "lost on the way to Thailand". However, the so-called "eight subsections are the same as plagiarism" cannot be regarded as a legal standard. In fact, whether it is the copyright Law of the people's Republic of China, the International copyright Law, The Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and artistic works, or the law of any country, does not prescribe that the same below subsections is not plagiarism. A work The existence of plagiarism requires the judge to judge whether there is a "substantial similarity". In some cases, even if the similarity does not reach eight sections, or a small proportion of the work of the alleged infringer is sufficient to enable the listener to perceive the source of a particular work, it may be considered to constitute substantial similarity, That constitutes a tort.
 
Key words: plagiarize；copyright；definition；musicsaaaku

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