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世界贸易组织法律框架下中美贸易摩擦的思考


全文字数:14000字左右  原创时间:<=2022年

【内容摘要】

世界贸易组织法律框架下中美贸易摩擦的思考


“在美国,任何一种见解,任何一种习惯,任何一项法律,而且我敢说任何一个事件,都不难从这个国家的起源当中找到解释。”
中美贸易战既是双方互相加征关税的——“关税战”,也是双方寻求WTO贸易争端解决机制互相提起诉讼的——“法律战”。而WTO原则上禁止成员采取单边保护措施,却也为成员维护协定项下的基本权利开辟了例外,尽管如此,“301条款”从古至今都是WTO明令禁止的措施,中国理所当然采取的反制措施,恰如其分的对其予以了有力的回击,也成功的将美国的保护主义行为,揭露于光天化日之下,拖入多边贸易领域的架构进行审查、评判。
此次贸易战显示了国际规则独一无二的重要性,既展现了国际道义,也凸显了自身的缺陷与不足之处。贸易争端不仅是对国际法律规则的挑战,也为规则的完善发展提出了要求,提供了契机。有规则的世界才是可和平发展的 世界,才能安居乐业,国泰民安,人与人的交往尚且如此,国家与国家之间更是如此。
本文简要的阐述了此次中美贸易摩擦的经过,“301条款”复活的背景、原因,及中国反制措施的依据所在。指明美国采取单边贸易保护主义调查措施的不正当性与中国不得不采取应对措施的正当合理性。体现了国际交往中法律规则的重要性。
作为当今世界两大经济体的中国和美国,经贸往来日益频繁密切,矛盾摩擦在所难免。为了维护经贸秩序,保障各国的基本权利与利益,保持长久持续的合作关系,应该正确认识此类摩擦产生的实质原因及规避的可能性,正确运用WTO协定的相关规则,不可任由其肆意发展,否则将造成无法想象的后果。

关键词:“301条款”;WTO协定;单边措施;贸易争端;法律战

Abstract
"In the United States, any kind of opinion, any kind of habit, any law, and I dare say that any event is not difficult to find an explanation from the origin of this country."
The Sino- US trade war is not only a tariff issue between the two sides - the "tariff war", but also the "legal war" between the two sides seeking to file a lawsuit against each other through the WTO trade dispute settlement mechanism. In principle, the WTO prohibits members from adopting unilateral protection measures, but it also provides an exception for members to safeguard the basic rights under the agreement. However, the "Article 301" has been a prohibited measure by the WTO since ancient times, and China has taken the anti- The system measures have effectively responded to it, and successfully exposed the protectionist behavior of the United States in broad daylight and into the framework of multilateral trade for review and evaluation.
This trade war shows the unique importance of international rules, which not only demonstrates international morality, but also highlights its own flaws and shortcomings. Trade disputes are not only a challenge to international legal rules, but also a requirement for the perfect development of rules and provide an opportunity. A ruled world is a world that can be peacefully developed, and it is possible to live and work in peace and contentment. The country and the people are peaceful, and the interaction between people is still the same, especially between the state and the country.
This article briefly expounds the history of Sino- US trade frictions, the background and reasons for the resurrection of Section 301, and the basis for China's counter-measures. It indicates the illegitimate nature of the US unilateral trade protectionist investigation measures and the legitimate rationality that China has to take countermeasures. It reflects the importance of legal rules in international exchanges.
As China and the United States, the two major economies in the world today, economic and trade exchanges are increasingly frequent and conflicting frictions are inevitable. In order to maintain the economic and trade order, safeguard the basic rights and interests of all countries, and maintain a long-lasting cooperative relationship, we should correctly understand the substantive causes of such frictions and the possibility of evasion. The correct application of the relevant rules of the WTO Agreement cannot be allowed to develop. Otherwise it will have unimaginable consequences.
Key words:"Article 301";WTO Agreement;Unilateral measure;Trade dispute;Legal battle

 

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