交际语言测试理论视角下上海高级口译资格证书考试口试试题有用性评估
随着全球化和国际化趋势的不断发展，各国之间的交流越来越频繁，口译市场更加广阔，因而对口译人员的需求也空前增加。在此情形下，各类口译培训中心和口译资格认证考试不断涌现。其中，上海高级口译资格证书考试（SACTI）是目前国内市场上较为流行也较为权威的一种口译测试，自此考试推出以来，已为社会遴选了大量优秀的口译人才，然而，尽管如此，由于试题设计，评分系统等方面不尽合理和完善，各种各样的问题仍然层出不穷。因此，对现有测试试题进行评估并提出改善措施势在必行。
语言测试理论经过几十年的发展已日臻完善，目前在语言测试理论系统中占据主导地位的是由巴克曼提出的交际语言测试理论（CLTT），交际语言测试理论强调语境的真实性，强调将测试对象作为一个整体在交际语境中进行测试，极大地提高了测试的真实性和有效性。本论文旨在运用巴克曼的交际语言测试理论对上海高级口译资格证书考试口试的有用性进行评估。通过对2006-2012年上海高级口译资格证书考试的部分口译试题的详细分析，作者试图从交际语言测试理论有用性原则的六个指标出发，对其进行全面评估，以期找出现有测试中存在的不足，提出可行的建议，以提高测试质量，为社会输送更多优秀的译员。
关键词: 上海高级口译资格证书考试，口试，交际语言测试理论，有用性
Evaluation on the Usefulness of the Oral Test of Shanghai Advanced Credential Test for Interpreters from the Perspective of Communicative Language Testing Theory
Abstract
The irresistible trend of globalization and internationalization has made cross-border communication more and more frequent and prevalent, thus creating an ever vaster market for interpretation. As a result, interpreters, as the intermediary, are in greater demand than ever before. Under such circumstances, various interpretation training centers and interpretation tests have been mushrooming. One of the most popular and authoritative interpretation tests in China is Shanghai Advanced Credential Test for Interpreters (SACTI). Despite the fact that SACTI has selected large numbers of qualified interpreters for the society since its launch, various problems keep cropping up due to the inappropriate design of question items or the imperfection of scoring systems. Therefore, to improve the test of SACTI by evaluating the current test seems to be an urgent and meaningful task.
The test cannot do without the guidance of testing theories. Over the years, testing theories have developed into a mature theory system and Communicative Language Testing Theory (CLTT) proposed by L.F. Bachman is playing a leading role in this system currently for it lays great emphasis on the authenticity of situational context and advocates measuring the testees in communicative contexts, which will enhance the authenticity and validity of the test enormously. This thesis tends to evaluate the usefulness of the oral test of SACTI from the perspective of Communicative Language Testing Theory. By analyzing the question items selected from the oral tests of SACTI from 2006-2012 in detail, the author attempts to find out the demerits from the six qualities of usefulness and list feasible suggestions, aiming at improving the quality of the oral test of SACTI and sorting out more excellent interpreters for the society.
Key words: SACTI, Oral test, Communicative Testing Theory, Usefulness
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