关于《动物农场》中平等原则的分析

自从冷战开始以后，奥威尔在美国便受到极大追捧，近些年在国内亦有此趋势。本文基于马克思的社会政治观及其他一些前人的研究探索了《动物农场》中“平等”这一概念的内在矛盾。本文分为五个章节。第一章介绍了作品的相关写作背景并引出本文的论点。第二章粗略地回顾了关于小说的各类研究。第三章介绍了一种关于论文写作的批判性分析方法以及该方法在本文中的运用。第四章是论文的主体，分为两个部分。第一部分分析了“平等”作为农场中的分配原则所产生的问题。第二部分将“平等”这一概念作为动物之间的道德评判准则，探究了其同时作为一项事实陈述和一条规则的矛盾性。此外这一章还引用了奥威尔的其它一些作品作为补充材料来论证观点。第五章总结了论述，并提出未来相关论点可能的研究方向。

关键词：奥威尔；动物农场；平等；马克思主义

Abstract

      Ever since the beginning of the cold war, Orwell has had his cheerleaders in the US. Domestically, in recent years, the same situation happened as well. Based on Marx’s social-political view and other previous studies, this essay explores the implicit contradiction within the concept of equality in Animal Farm. This essay is divided into five chapters. Chapter I gives a general background of the novel and derives from it the thesis of this essay. Chapter II roughly reviews studies of Animal Farm from all fields of subjects. Chapter III introduces a critical approach of textual analysis and its application in this essay. Chapter IV is the main body of the essay, consisting of two parts. First, it analyzes the issue of treating equality as a distributive principle in Animal Farm. Second, it regards equality as a morality criterion among animals, and observes its intrinsic contradiction both as a statement and as a rule. Some of Orwell’s works appear as supplementary materials to help illustrate the thesis in this chapter. Chapter V sums up the thesis and depicts the prospect for future studies.

Key Words: Orwell; Animal Farm; Equality; Marxism

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