农村社会保障法律制度的现状及发展趋势

改革开放以来，随着国家一系列政策的落实，城镇社会保障体系大致已经比较完善。但由于适用已久的城乡二元经济体结构，我国农村社会保障事业覆盖率远远不及城镇，体系运作也相对效率低下。我国社会保障法律制度，尤其是农村社会保障法律制度这一方面起步较晚。我国农村社会保障法律制度实施中也暴露的一些问题：如农村养老保障方面基金筹集以个人缴纳为主，农民参保意识不强，未形成管理分开、机构分设的制约机制；农村医疗保障方面农民实际利益不高，农民看医生既困难又昂贵，定点医疗机构服务水平不高；农村最低生活保障方面低保户认定难度大缺乏客观性，保障标准不科学，缺乏灵活的选入和退出机制等。基于此，可以通过加强基金管理以实现社会保障基金的保值和增值，提高社会保障制度的统筹层次，确保社会保障制度监管以完善我国农村社会保障法律制度，以进一步完善我国新农村社会保障法律制度体系。
关键词：乡村振兴；农村社会保障；法治社会；法律制度

The Present Situation and Development Trend of Rural Social Security Legal System
ABSTRACT
Since the reform and opening up, with the implementation of a series of national policies, the urban social security system has been relatively perfect. However, due to the long-applicable urban-rural dual economic structure, China's rural social security coverage is far less than that of urban areas, and the system operation is relatively inefficient. China's social security legal system, especially the rural social security legal system started relatively late. The implementation of China's rural social security legal system also exposed some problems: For example, the rural old-age security fund is mainly paid by individuals, farmers' awareness of insurance is not strong, and there is no restriction mechanism of separate management and separate institutions; In terms of rural medical security, peasants' actual interests are not high, it is difficult and expensive for them to see doctors, and the service level of designated medical institutions is not high. In the aspect of the rural minimum living guarantee, it is difficult to identify the low-income households, lack of objectivity, the guarantee standard is not scientific, and lack of flexible selection and withdrawal mechanism. Based on this, we can strengthen the fund management to realize the maintenance and appreciation of social security funds, improve the overall planning level of social security system, ensure the supervision of social security system to improve the legal system of rural social security in China, and further improve the legal system of new rural social security in China.
Keywords: Rural revitalization; Rural Social Security; The rule of law society; The legal system

 
目 录
一、我国农村社会保障法律制度的现状 1
（一）立法理论 1
1.立法理念缺失 1
2.立法不同意统一 1
3.立法设计冲突 2
（二）立法体系 2
1.立法规范缺失 2
2.制度设计不合理 2
3.缺乏衔接机制 2
（三）立法监督与保障 3
1.资金监管不力 3
2.监督实施机制不全 3
二、我国农村社会保障法律制度现存的主要问题 3
（一）农村养老保障方面 3
1.资金筹集分析 3
2.农民观念分析 4
3.制约机制分析 4
（二）农村医疗保障方面 4
1．农民实际利益不高 4
2．看病又贵又难 4
3．资源配置不合理 4
（三）农村最低生活保障方面 5
1.低保户认定难度大 5
2.保障标准不科学 5
3．缺乏灵活的选入和退出机制 5
三、完善我国农村社会保障法律制度的对策建议 6
（一）立法方面 6
1.遵循立法基本原则 6
2.推动立法具体化 6
3.保障农民实体利益 6
（二）制度保障方面 6
1．加强基金监管 6
2．提高统筹层次 7
3．加强体制监管 7
（三）农村养老保障方面 7
1. 完善养老保险对的金筹集方式 7
2.制定强制性和鼓励性政策 7
3.采取双层立法模式 8
（四）农村医疗保障方面 8
1．完善融资机制 8
2．完善医疗保险补偿机制 8
3．完善农村公共卫生体系 8
（五）农村最低生活保障方面 9
1.设立合理低保对象认定机制 9
2.设定动态化的低保标准 9
3．采用多元救助模式 9
四、我国农村社会保障法律制度的发展趋势 9
五、结语 10
参考文献 11

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