液压油缸凹损耐蚀层在煤井湿大气中的原位腐蚀行为与机理 液压支架是煤井中主要的支护设备，维护工人生命安全和矿产顺利开采，但是煤井环境恶劣，液压支架经常受到各种磕碰，表面耐蚀层受到破坏，造成腐蚀。实验采用室内加速实验来模拟煤井湿大气环境，研究了液压油缸耐蚀层在受到外力暴力打击后表面形成凹损，特定凹坑处钢材（含表面耐蚀层及内层）的腐蚀行为和机理，采用扫描电镜（SEM）、能谱仪（EDS）对腐蚀产物进行表面形貌观察和能谱元素分析，通过电化学测试方法对腐蚀速率行描述，用原位动态监测技术探究大气腐蚀初期腐蚀机理。重点研究SO2和Cl-对液压油缸凹损处腐蚀的影响和机理。实验证明：（1）液压油缸腐蚀与电解质液膜有很重要的关系，初期腐蚀形成电解质液膜，外界大气通过电解质液膜与钢铁基体发生腐蚀，SO2腐蚀过程主要均匀腐蚀为主，Cl-腐蚀主要以择优腐蚀为主，腐蚀过程会形成鼓泡，是因为基体Fe溶解，生成Fe2+遇OH-产生Fe(OH)2沉淀，Fe(OH)2在Cl-作用下沉淀破裂，SO2，O2和H2O进入破裂Fe(OH)2膜内，与Fe经过复杂反应生成FeSO4巢穴，反应生成FeOOH堆积物，最后形成鼓泡。是由于凹坑较深，基体腐蚀产物很难检测出，耐蚀层表层304不锈钢焊接上去的，不发生腐蚀。液压油缸耐蚀层表面的黑色腐蚀产物主要是凹坑里面的腐蚀产物脱落沉积在耐蚀层表面。（2）液压油缸耐蚀层遭到破坏至露出钢铁基体时，里面钢铁基体会在电解质液膜下发生电化学腐蚀，而耐蚀层和钢铁基体电位不同，会发生电偶腐蚀，使得钢铁基体腐蚀会进一步增加，易造成液压油缸漏液，报废。 关键词：液压油缸；煤井湿大气；腐蚀 Abstract Hydraulic support is the main supporting equipment in coal wells, maintaining workers' life safety and smooth mineral mining, but the coal well environment is bad, hydraulic support is often subject to various bumps, the surface corrosion resistance layer is damaged, causing corrosion. The indoor acceleration experiment was used to simulate the corrosion behavior and mechanism of steel (including surface corrosion resisting layer and inner layer) (SEM) and EDS), describe corrosion rate by electrochemical test and explore the initial corrosion mechanism with in situ dynamic monitoring technology. Focus on the influence and mechanism of SO2 and Cl- on the corrosion of the hydraulic cylinder depression. Experimental proof is made that: (1) there is a very important relationship between the corrosion of hydraulic cylinder and electrolyte liquid film. In the initial stage of corrosion, the electrolyte liquid film is formed, and the external atmosphere corrodes with the steel matrix through the electrolyte liquid film. The corrosion process of SO2 is mainly uniform corrosion, and the corrosion process of Cl- is mainly preferential corrosion. Blistering will be formed in the corrosion process because of the dissolution of matrix Fe, the formation of Fe2+ and the precipitation of Fe(OH)2 in the presence of OH-, the precipitation of Fe(OH)2 is broken under the action of Cl-, SO2, O2 and H2O enter into the ruptured Fe(OH)2 membrane and react with Fe to form FeSO4 nests, which react to form FeOOH deposits, and finally form bubbles. Because of the deep pit, it is difficult to detect the corrosion products of the substrate. The surface of the corrosion resistant layer is welded on 304 stainless steel, and no corrosion occurs. The black corrosion products on the surface of anti-corrosion layer of hydraulic cylinder are mainly the corrosion products in pits, which fall off and deposit on the surface of anti-corrosion layer. (2) When the corrosion-resistant layer of the hydraulic cylinder is damaged to expose the steel substrate, the steel substrate inside will have electrochemical corrosion under the electrolyte film. However, the potential difference between the corrosion-resistant layer and the steel substrate will lead to galvanic corrosion, which will further increase the corrosion of the steel substrate and easily lead to the leakage of the hydraulic oil cylinder and scrap. Keywords: hydraulic; corrosion resistant layer; wet atmosphere of coal well; corrosion 目 录 第1章 绪 论 1 1.1 引言 1 1.2 大气腐蚀 2 1.2.1 大气腐蚀及影响因素 2 1.2.2 大气腐蚀初期腐蚀机理 3 1.3 钢铁防腐蚀处理工艺 3 1.3.1 电镀 3 1.3.2 添加微量元素改变结构 3 1.3.3 金属热处理工艺 4 1.3.4 激光熔覆焊接技术 4 1.4 钢铁腐蚀研究进展 4 1.5 研究内容与意义 6 1.5.1 研究内容 6 1.5.2 研究目的和意义 6 第2章 实验材料与方法 7 2.1 引言 7 2.2 材料制备 7 2.3 材料表征与测试 7 2.3.1 金相组织观察 8 2.3.2 极化曲线测试和腐蚀产物表征 8 第3章 结果分析与讨论 9 3.1 金相组织分析 9 3.2 电化学极化曲线分析 11 3.3 腐蚀产物物相分析及元素分布 12 第4章 结论与展望 17 4.1 结论 17 4.2 展望 17
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