CA6140车床刀具温度单片机控制系统设计当今社会上各种机械加工业都在迅猛发展，车床是机械加工核心工具，随着科学技术的发展，车床也在不断向着高精度、高效率、高自动化方向发展，数控车床已经成为主流设备，逐渐取代老旧的普通车床。 在机械制造业中，虽然已发展出各种不同的零件成型工艺， 但目前仍有90% 以上的机械零件是通过切削加工制成。在切削过程中， 机床作功转换为等量的切削热， 这些切削热除少量逸散到周围介质中以外， 其余均传入刀具、切屑和工件中，刀具、工件和机床温升将加速刀具磨损，引起工件热变形， 严重时甚至引起机床热变形。因此，在机床的切削加工过程当中，对切削温度的测量非常重要。在高速车床当中，为了提高车床加工精度，刀具在切削过程中的受热变形一定要控制住，这个仅仅知道刀具温度是不够的，还需要引入自动控制技术进行实时控制。 本论文以CA6140普通车床为研究对象，根据数控技术原理，运用了单片机应用技术、自动控制技术和测试传感器技术，提出了车床刀具温度的控制系统方案。设计了基于AT89C51单片机的车床刀具温度控制电路和软件。本次设计采用AT89C51单片机作为控制芯片，采用红外温度传感器采集刀具温度信号。通过在芯片外围添加显示、控制等外围电路来实现对车床刀具温度实时监测和控制功能。 关键词： 数控车床；刀具温度；单片机控制 Abstract Today's society, a variety of mechanical processing industry in rapid development, machining lathe is the core tools, with the development of science and technology, the lathe has been towards high precision, high efficiency, high automation, CNC lathes have become the mainstream equipment, gradually taking the place of ordinary lathe old. In mechanical manufacturing industry, there are more than 90% mechanical parts are manufactured by machining. In the process of cutting, machine work into cutting heat equivalent, the cutting heat in addition to a small number of escapes into the surrounding medium, the rest are into the tool, chip and work piece, tool wear will accelerate the rise of cutting tool, work piece and tool temperature, caused by the thermal deformation caused by the thermal deformation of machine tools, even when serious. Therefore, in the process of cutting machine, measurement of cutting temperature is very important. In the high speed lathe, in order to improve the machining precision lathe, cutting tool in the cutting process of thermal deformation must be controlled, this just know the tool temperature is not enough, also need to introduce automatic control technology for real-time control. This paper takes CA6140 lathe as the research object, according to the principle of numerical control technology, using the application technology of single chip microcomputer, automatic control technology and test sensor technology, puts forward the control system scheme of lathe tool temperature. The lathe tool temperature control circuit and software based on at89c-51 single chip microcomputer are designed. This design uses at89c-51 single chip microcomputer as the control chip, and uses infrared temperature sensor to collect tool temperature signal.. The real-time monitoring and control function of lathe tool temperature is realized by adding display, control and other peripheral circuits around the chip. Key Words： criteria; UML; relation database; diagram 目 录 1 绪 论 1 1.1 背景和意义 1 1.2 国内外研究现状 1 1.2.1 国外研究现状 1 1.2.2 国内研究现状 2 1.3 方案背景技术简介 2 1.3.1 数控车床 2 1.3.2 温度检测的主要方法 3 1.4 本课题的主要研究内容 3 1.5 本章小结 4 2 车床结构及系统总体设计方案 4 2.1 CA6140车床简介 4 2.2 系统总体设计方案 5 2.3本章小结 5 3 系统硬件设计 6 3.1 系统硬件设计方案 6 3.2 单片机 6 3.2.1 AT89C51简介 6 3.2.2 AT89C51主要性能参数 7 3.2.3管脚说明 7 3.2.4 复位电路的设计 9 3.2.5 时钟电路设计 10 3.3 红外测温传感器 11 3.3.1 红外测温传感器的工作原理 11 3.3.2红外测温传感器 11 3.4 信号调理电路 12 3.5 LED显示 13 3.6 按键电路 16 3.7 电机 17 4 系统软件设计 18 4.1程序初始化 19 4.2 主程序 20 4.3 A/D转换子程序 21 4.4 显示子程序 24 4.5 键盘子程序 27 4.6 本章小结 30 5 结论与展望 30 5.1 主要研究工作及结论 30 5.2 本课题的展望 31 附 录 32 参考文献 33
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