有意遗忘是一种有意识地不使某些信息再现的记忆效应，是关于记忆研究的一种实验范式。本研究采用单字方式，以积极和消极两种情绪字作为实验材料，探讨了大学生对情绪字的有意遗忘效应。实验一以30名大学生为被试，探讨了积极情绪字和消极情绪字有意遗忘效应的不同，结果发现二者在词干补笔和再认测验中都有显著差异，而在自由回忆中没有显著差异。实验二在实验一的基础上，采用喜剧和悲剧两种类型的影片诱发被试积极和消极两种情绪，以50名大学生为被试，进一步探讨了不同情绪状态下情绪字的有意遗忘效应，结果发现，情绪状态与情绪字的类型一致时，回忆效果更好，词干补笔测验中没有显著差异。结合实验一和实验二的结果，表明情绪字的有意遗忘效应既有选择性复述的作用，也有提取抑制的作用。
关键词：有意遗忘 情绪字 情绪状态 外显记忆 内隐记忆
Intentional Forgetting of Emotional Words
Abstract: Intentional forgetting is one memory effect, which makes certain information not reappear consciously. Intentional forgetting is a new experimental paradigm on memory. The experiment examined intentional forgetting of the emotional words. The positive emotional words and negative emotional words were employed and presented with the word method. 30 undergraduates participated in the experiment 1 which examined the different effect of intentional forgetting of positive and negative emotional words. The results showed that intentional forgetting of emotional words are significantly different in the stem completion and recognition tests but not in the free recall. 50 undergraduates participated in the experiment 2, who were divided two groups in two conditions. The clips of comedy and tragedy movie are used in the two conditions. The experiment examined the effect of intentional forgetting on emotional state. The result showed that there was a significant intentional forgetting effect in the explicit memory. Intentional forgetting of positive emotional words did not appear in the implicit memory. The intentional forgetting of the positive emotion words was obvious than the negative emotion words. Emotional state influenced intentional forgetting only on the free recall. Combine the result of experiment 1 and 2, the study find that selective rehearsal and retrieval inhibition played roles on intentional forgetting.
Key words: intentional forgetting, emotional words, emotional state, explicit memory, implicit memory
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