本文介绍了一种基于STC89C52单片机的脉冲反射式超声波测距系统。该系统以空气中超声波的传播速度为确定条件，利用反射超声波测量待测距离。论文概述了超声检测基本原理。对于测距系统的一些主要参数进行了讨论。并且在介绍超声测距系统功能的基础上，提出了系统的总体构成。对测距系统发射、接收、检测、显示部分的总体设计方案进行了论证。进一步介绍了单片机STC89C52在系统中的应用，分析了系统各部分的硬件及软件实现。超声波测距应用在很多特殊场合，如带腐蚀的液体，强电磁干扰，有毒等恶劣环境中，超声波测距能很好的解决此类的问题。本论文主要对单片机超声波测距系统的原理，对超声波的发射电路和接收电路论证，对系统硬件和软件完整分析与设计，对系统进行误差分析。
关键词：超声波测距，单片机，显示，软件设计，硬件设计。
Developing Automatic Ultrasonic Wave Measuring System
Abstract：This thesis introduces a kind of STC89C52 single-chip microcomputer based on the pulse-reflecting ultrasonic wave measuring system. This system sets as a precondition the transmission speed of ultrasonic wave in the air and uses reflecting ultrasonic wave to measure distance. The thesis summarizes the basic principles of ultrasonic detection, introduces the characteristics of temperature sensor DS18B20, discusses some main parameters for distance measuring and proposes the general structure of the system after introducing the functions of ultrasonic distance detecting system. It illustrates the general design in the following aspects: transmitting, receiving, detection and display and then further demonstrates the application of STC89C52 in the system and its various parts of hardware and software. The ultrasonic wave measuring is used in a lot of special situations, such as corrosive liquid, strong electromagnetic interference, toxic and other adverse conditions.
This thesis focuses illustration on the principles of ultrasonic wave system based on single-chip microcomputer and the circuit of transmitting and receiving ultrasonic waves, acquires temperature through DS18B20, displays all data collected by LED, completely analyzes and designs hardware and software in the system and finally does the system error analysis.
Keywords: ultrasonic wave distance measuring; MCU; DS18B20 temperature compensation; LED display; software design; hardware design
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