互联网从二十世纪八十年代进入中国，它为人类带来了无限的生机和活力，很大程度上改变了人们的生活，提高了经济效率，我们周围的环境随之发生变化。进入二十一世纪，人们的联系更加紧密，网民这一群体日益扩大，网民数量与日剧增，成为不可忽视的力量，影响着我们的生活。本文用问卷调查法对西安市网民进行了调查，并用ＳＰＳＳ统计软件进行了研究分析，从年龄、学历、职业、上网时间、收入等五个方面分析了西安市网民结构，总结出西安网民35岁及以下占据主体、上网时间长、互联网覆盖范围广、学生以及中低收入者是主要的上网群体等五个特点，并对这种结构给出解释性分析。通过对西安市网民结构的调查分析，笔者发现，随着互联网的不断发展，网民已经构成了一个不可忽视的群体，网民政治参与作为信息时代蓬勃发展的政治参与形式，直接或间接地影响政府决策以及与政府活动相关的公共政治生活，这也是现代信息技术和互联网普及而兴起的一种崭新的政治参与类型。研究发现，网民应当不断增强自身的网络政治参与意识，同时政府应当完善政府治理机制，虚心接受网民监督，切实做到反映民意。只有这样才能够保证公民更加充分地行使自己的政治参与权利，有效监督政府的行为，促进政府行政办事效率的提高。
关 键 词：互联网；网民；网民结构；网民政治参与
ABSTRACT
Internet ,brought in the 1980s,has brought mankind unlimited vigor and vitality to our mankind.In a large extent it has changed our people´s live and improved economic efficiency.Owing to the internet, our surrounding environment has changed.In the twenty-first century, we communicate with each other more closely.The number of Internet users are increasing quickly.Internet users which can not be neglected, have a great effect on our lives.This article collect the information of Internet users in Xi'an by self-administered questionnaire.From age, education, occupation, Internet time and income,the writer uses SPSS statistical analysis software to analyse the structure of Internet users in Xi'an.And then the writer sums up the characteristics of Internet users in Xi'an,such as Internet users of 35-year-old and below occupy the main side,spending a long time on Internet,covering a wide range of Internet,students and low-income people being the main groups of Internet users,and so on.In final the writer explains the structure of Internet users.
From the survey,I dig out that with the continuous development of the Internet, users have formed a group that can not be ignored.As a vigorous development of the information age online political participation,directly or indirectly,influences government decision-making and government activities related to public political life, which is a new type of political participation in modern society.And also Internet users should continue to strengthen its awareness of political participation of network,as well as Government should improve the governance mechanisms, with an open mind to accept supervision of Internet users, and effectively reflect public opinion.This is the only way to ensure that citizens can more fully exercise their right on political participation,effectively supervise the conduct of the government and promote administrative efficiency.
KEY WORDS: Internet; Internet user; Structure of Internet users; Political participation
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