自从1945年美国试验成功第一颗原子弹并且在日本投入实战以来，防止核武器的扩散就成为美国和国际社会十分关注的一个重要议题。特别是冷战结束、苏联解体以来一些国家争相发展核武器，使得防止核扩散的形势更加严峻。虽然国际社会做出了很多努力以防止核武器的扩散，但是效果却不尽如人意，其中作为“防扩散安全协议”的主要倡导国——美国却始终坚持防扩散的双重标准是导致防扩散效果不显著的一个主要原因。本文在分析界定“不扩散”和“双重标准”涵义的基础上，通过分析有关学者对不扩散问题的理论之争和美国政府在不扩散方面的法律法规以及具体实施措施，解释美国为什么对扩散国家采用歧视性政策，得出美国布什政府对扩散国家使用双重标准的三个依据，即扩散国家是否为民主政体、扩散国家能否防止二次扩散和扩散国家获得核武器是否会影响地区的稳定。
关键词：双重标准；不扩散；制裁
ABSTRACT
In 1945，the United States successfully tested the first atomic bomb and the atomic bomb showed its dreadful power in Japan. Since then, the prevention of nuclear weapons proliferation has been an important issue in the international society. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the end of cold war, some nations escalate a nuclear arms race, which made the circumstances of Non-proliferation worse. Though the international society made a lot of efforts to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons, the result is unsatisfactory. As the proponent of "Proliferation Security Initiative”, the United States taking double standard to deal with the spread of nuclear weapons is the main reason that Non-proliferation policy is ineffective.
First, I will define the Implication of Non-proliferation and double standard, then analyze the controversial proliferation theory, describe laws and regulations and specific measures made by the US government. I try to explain why the US government takes discriminatory steps to handle with proliferation nations. Finally, I will conclude that the policy of US government depends on factors as follows: whether the proliferation nations possess Democratic régime; whether they can prevent Secondary proliferation; whether the proliferation endanger regional stability.
Keyword: double standard ;Non-proliferation ;sanction
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