蜗杆铣刀专用机床传动系统设计

摘  要

本设计是一种专门用于加工大模数蜗杆铣刀而设计的专用铣床。在根据给定的原始数据和技术要求，及针对该型铣床的设计要求全面阅览了相关书籍和文献的基础上，主要对机床的传动系统进行了详细的设计，由于本设计重点在于机床传动系统，因此对于铣床的控制部分和夹具部分将不做表述。
该铣床传动系统主要包括“主轴箱传动部分”和“铣头传动部分”，其中两大传动部分都是采用机械传动。前者分别运用了三级齿轮传动和两级蜗轮、蜗杆传动组合，通过五组不同传动比的齿轮相应配合及利用蜗轮、蜗杆传动的传动比大和可改变传动方向（垂直方向）的特点，从而实现铣床的横向进给和调节进给速度。
后者则利用带轮带动，采用三级齿轮传动（四组不同传动比齿轮配合）从而使铣头主轴获得相应的加工转速、变速及正反转，最终实现铣头传动部分的切削进给和固定夹紧。
    本设计的机械传动系统由于涉及齿轮及蜗轮、蜗杆的传动，因此为了满足铣床的加工要求和保证加工稳定和精度，除了描述相应的铣床加工的调整部件外，更要注重传动系统的零部件的选择和相应配合，以及切削轴的受力分析和校核（如滚动轴承的选择和铣头切削轴的校核）。

关键词：蜗杆铣刀，机械传动，专用铣床
 
ABSTRACT

Design the special use milling machine being that one kind of speciality is used for the milling cutter processing big modulus worms but designs that originally. Basic data and specification preseting in basis, system has carried out detailed design on the machine tool drive mainly and on the basis having read relevance books and the document all round specifically for the design demand owing a type a milling machine,since designing that priority lies in machine tool drive system originally, the control section and clamp part to the milling machine will not do formulation therefore.
Be milling machine drive system's turn to include "the main spindle box drive part " and "the bright metal head drive part " mainly, two big drive parts among them all are to adopt mechanical drive. The former has wielded the three-level gear run and two-stage worm gear respectively , worm drive has constituted, big and change drive direction (perpendicularity direction) fitting and making use of worm gear , worm drive transmission ratio by the fact that the gear wheel being unlike a transmission ratio five set acts in responses characteristic, thereby come true milling machine move forward transversely be given to and adjustment feed speed. The wheel making use of belt then drive the latter , adopt the three-level gear run (the four set of different transmissionratios gear wheel fits) to make the bright metal head chief axis gain the corresponding treating rotation rate , speed change and positive and negative rotating thereby, the cutting realizing the bright metal head drive part ultimately feeds and fixes fastening motion.
Since the mechanical drive system designing that originally relating to the gear wheel and worm gear , the worm drive, the request and guarantee process stability and accuracy therefore for the treating satisfying a milling machine, except the component describing the adjustment that the corresponding milling machine processes, the choice needing to attach importance to systematic component and part of drive more cooperates with small advantages , force analysis and the core of school cut a scroll as well as cutting the axis accepting (if the rolling bearing choice prepares bright metal school core).

Keywords: Big modulus，Mechanical drive，professional milling machine

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