我国农业保险试点情况及其推广价值分析
摘 要
农业是国民经济的基础产业，也是一个具有高风险的弱质产业。自古以来我国就是世界上自然灾害发生最频繁的国家之一。农业保险是一种降低农业风险，提高农业抵御自然灾害能力，保障农业生产稳定的有效制度安排。然而我国农业保险的发展却陷入日益萎缩、停滞不前，面临制度失效的困境。在此背景下，本文分析了我国农业保险试点的成功经验及其失败的教训。探讨了各种典型模式的推广价值：因财政支持而运行良好的“安信模式”，依靠多渠道降低成本的“安华模式”，能有效防范逆选择和道德风险的“互助制模式”，有效利用大数法则的“新疆自办农险模式”，具备农险经验的“安盟模式”。指出其在推广过程中应特别注意：注意经营主体的选择，因地制宜，发展政策性农业保险，发展再保险及建立农业保险巨灾基金。
关键词：农业保险；试点；推广价值；政策性农业保险
THE SITUATION OF CHINESE AGRICULTURE INSURANCE PILOT AND THE ANALYSIS OF THE VALUE OF ITS PROMOTION
ABSTRACT
Agriculture, the foundation of the national economy industries ,is a weak industry of high risk.Since ancient times,China has been one of the countries with the most frequent occurrence of natural disasters.Agricultural insurance is the effective institutional arrangements that reduce the risk of Agriculture.improve the ability of agriculture to withstand natural disasters and ensure the agricultural production . However, the development of China's agricultural insurance is suffering a growth decline, facing the system invadation failure.In this context, this paper analyses the successful experience and the existing problems of the pilot of China's agricultural insurance, explores the promotional value of all typical models : well-functioning’Anxin model’ by reason of finacial support; ‘Anwar model’ which relies on the multi-channel cost reduction, ‘mutual aid system model’ that can effectively prevent adverse selection and moral hazard . ‘Xinjiang farmers self-insurance model’ which effectively uses the law of large numbers. ‘anmeng model.’ with experience in agricultural insurance,and points out that during the process of promoting special attention should be paid: According to local conditions we should increase the intensity of government support covering legislation, Financial subsidies, tax relief, credit support, the establishment of catastrophe insurance fund and re-insurance fund.
Key words：Agricultural Insurance; pilot; the value of promotion; the policy of the agricultural insurance
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