谈七夕的起源及节俗
谈七夕的起源及节俗
摘 要：七夕，原名为乞巧节。七夕乞巧，这个节日起源于汉代，东晋葛洪的《西京杂记》有“汉彩女常以七月七日穿七孔针于汉代画像石上的牛宿、女宿图开襟楼，人俱习之”的记载，这便是我们于古代文献中所见到的最早的关于乞巧的记载。七夕节始终和牛郎织女的传说相连，织女、牵牛两星的称谓，最早见于《诗经》。西汉初的长安，牛郎、织女的爱情神话开始生成，长安斗门今存西汉牛女二石像，这是牛女星宿最早的人形化。魏晋南北朝时期这一神话的人物和情节已经定型，唐宋以后在民间口传中又进一步演进。七夕节俗也起源于长安。西汉初长安已有七月七日守夜乞愿、穿针乞巧的节俗，六朝时传播到江南，至唐代已风靡全国，尤以长安为盛。在这一天晚上，妇女们穿针乞巧，祈祷福禄寿活动，礼拜七姐，仪式虔诚而隆重，陈列花果、女红，各式家具、用具都精美小巧、惹人喜爱。
关键词：七夕起源；牛女神话；七夕节俗
Abstract：The names of the Herd-boy and the Weaving-girl occurred first in the Book of Songs.In the early West Han Dynasty，the legend of love between the Herd-boy and the Weaving-girl was taking shape.The two statues of the Herd-boy and the Weaving-girl now kept in Doumen of Chang'an County were the oldest man-shape images of the two heavenly constellations.Thecharacters and plot of the legend had already taken shape in times of the Wei，the Jin，and the Northern and Southern Dynasties，the further evolution of which continued in the Tang，the Song and the following Dynasties.The custom of celebrating the July-7th Evening was also originated in Chang'an.In the early West Han Dynasty，people in Chang'an celebrated the July-7th Evening by keeping watch at night for wish realization or threading needles for sewing craftsmanship.This custom spread to southern China in the Six Dynasties and throughout the country in the Tang Dynasty with the grandest celebration in Chang'an.The fair of the Stone Lady Temple is a live carrier of the custom of the July-7th Evening celebration.The temple and the statues of the Herd-boy and the Weaving-girl are not only valuable relics but also treasurable cultural resources.
Key Words：civilization of the July-7th Evening；custom of the July-7th Evening Celebration；legend of the Herd-boy and the Weaving-girl；stone statues of the Herd-boy and the Weaving-girl
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