几种萃取剂萃取金属性能比较研究

几种萃取剂萃取金属性能比较研究
摘  要
 近年来，随着湿法冶金、原子能工业以及环境化工等领域的需要，金属溶剂萃取技术发展迅速。本文通过考察了酸性磷(膦)酸类萃取剂二－(2，4，4-三甲基戊基)膦酸(Cyanex272)、2-乙基己基膦酸-单-2-乙基己基酯 (P507)及中性萃取剂三烷基氧膦（Cyanex923）萃取金属离子Y(III)（Y）的影响因素，研究了这三种萃取剂对金属离子的萃取性能及萃取规律。具体研究内容如下：
1. 研究了振荡时间对萃取平衡的影响，通过考察不同的振荡时间对分配比的影响，确定了萃取平衡的最佳振荡时间，结果表明当对金属离子萃取达到平衡时，萃取Y的最佳振荡时间为20min。
2. 考察了不同pH值、不同萃取剂浓度对金属离子萃取的影响，研究了Cyanex272、P507和Cyanex923在以正庚烷为稀释剂，萃取Y(III)的规律，由斜率分析方法确定了Cyanex272、P507和Cyanex923萃取Y(III)离子的反应机理，获得了萃取平衡方程式。
3. 考察了不同温度对Cyanex272、P507和Cyanex923萃取金属离子Y(III)的影响。综合考虑它们的热力学性质及其在萃取过程中的变化规律。         
4. 研究了Cyanex272、P507和Cyanex923的反萃性能，通过采用不同浓度的盐酸反萃负载金属离子的Cyanex272、P507和Cyanex923，确定了反萃Y(III)离子所需盐酸的适宜浓度分别为：0.6mol/L、2.8mol/L、0.06mol/L。
5. 用pH1/2法比较了Cyanex272、P507和Cyanex923萃取金属离子的能力，结果表明这三种萃取剂对金属离子Y(III)的萃取能力是：P507 > Cyanex272 > Cyanex923。
关键词： 溶剂萃取；Cyanex272；P507；Cyanex923；Y(III)(III)

Study on the Extraction Performance of Metal Ions with Several Kinds of Extraction Agents
 
Abstract
In recent years, with the needs in hydrometallurgy, nuclear energy industry and environmental chemical, metal solvent extraction technology is developing rapidly. In the present work, the extraction performance and mechanism of yttrium have been investigated by two kinds of organophosphate named bis (2, 4, 4- trimethylpentyl) phosphinic acid (Cyanex272, H2A2) and 2-ethylhxyl phosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester (P507) and a kind of neutral organophosphate named three alkylated phosphine oxide (Cyanex923) through studying the effect of factors on the extraction. The following aspects were included in the thesis: 
1. The effect of equilibrium time on extraction was investigated to obtain the best equilibrium time. The result showed that when the extraction of metal reached equlibrium, the best time for yttrium extraction was 20min.
2. The extraction behaviors of yttrium by Cyanex272, P507 and Cyanex923 in n-heptane were investigated in different pH and organic concentration. The extraction mechanism was suggested based on slope analysis and the extraction equation was obtained.
3. The effects of different temperature of the three extraction agents on the extraction of yttrium were investigated. Considering the thermodynamic characters and the variety in the total extraction process
4.  The stripping performance of loaded Cyanex272, P507 and Cyanex923 were investigated by using hydrochloric acid with different concentration. The suitable concentration of hydrochloric acid for complete stripping of yttrium ions was 0.6M, 2.8M, 0.06M, respectively.
5. The extraction capacity of yttrium by Cyanex272, P507 and Cyanex923 were compared by pH1/2, the result showed that the orders of yttrium extraction ability by the extractant were P507>Cyanex272>Cyanex923.
Key words: Solvent extraction; Cyanex272; P507;Cyanex923;Yttrium;

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