论《呼啸山庄》与哥特式传统

论《呼啸山庄》与哥特式传统
摘  要

英美文学中有一种影响广泛、发展持续的传统—哥特式传统。随着18世纪中期哥特式小说的问世，许多知名作家开始借鉴哥特式的艺术手法进行创作。文章的重点是探析《呼啸山庄》所运用的哥特式表现手法及其对哥特式传统的继承与发展。首先综述了哥特式小说的来源及其传统的发展。在此基础上，不难看出《呼啸山庄》在主题、人物形象、环境刻画、意象及情节构造等方面借鉴了哥特式传统，同时又在小说故事的场景构筑、主题、人物情感和心理等方面对传统哥特式小说进行了改造和发展，进一步拓宽了哥特式小说的广度和深度，使这种小说更具有现实感、时代感和心理深度。艾米莉•勃朗特摆脱了标准化的人物描写和陈腐的应对，形成了自己独特的、一种新的情感交流模式，从而达到了真实表现人性的新高度，赋予了哥特式小说新的特色。她为英国小说输入了新鲜的血液和清新的活力，从而加速了英国小说的进一步发展，对英国后世文学产生了深远的影响。

关键词：《呼啸山庄》，哥特式传统，继承，发展
ABSTRACT

The gothic tradition has an extensive influence on British and American literature and develops steadily. Later after the first appearance of gothic novels in the middle of the eighteenth century, many famous writers employ some gothic devices in their writings. This paper tries to summarize the origin of the gothic novels and the development of the gothic tradition. The focus of this paper is the analysis on the gothic devices in Wuthering Heights and the inheritance and improvement towards the gothic tradition in this novel. Emily Bronte has employed the gothic tradition in the aspects of theme, characters, images and scenes. Meanwhile, she has improved and developed the traditional gothic novel in the aspects of its settings, themes and the way of dealing with the protagonists’ emotion and psychology. Furthermore, she has extended the gothic novels in its width and depth, which endows the gothic novels with a sense of reality and time, as well as a psychological depth. Emily Bronte has abandoned the standard descriptions of characters and banality and formed a new and unique mode of disposing emotion so that it has attained the new stage of analyzing characters and endows the new features to the gothic novel. She has brought new blood and freshness to the gothic novel, which has contributed to speed up the further development of the British novels and also has exerted a remarkable influence on them.

Key words: Wuthering Heights, gothic tradition, inheritance, improvement

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