论欧•亨利短篇小说中的现实主义

论欧•亨利短篇小说中的现实主义
摘  要

著名的现实主义作家欧•亨利是世界文学史上的巨匠，其现实主义写作风格对后辈文人产生了巨大的影响，评论家对此亦高度重视并就此进行了不同的阐释。
然而，美国评论家沃尔却将欧•亨利归入了假现实主义者的行列，他认为欧•亨利作品中复杂的故事情节和出人意料的结尾不符合现实主义作品的要求。对于沃尔所做的结论，论文持不同看法，并通过详尽的分析和合理的解释肯定了欧•亨利的现实主义写作风格。欧•亨利笔下的人物具有典型性，在日常生活中均可见其原型。他的作品揭露了社会黑暗、腐朽、不公正的一面。欧•亨利细节描写更是真实客观，且不乏生动。所有这些都具有现实主义作品的特征。对于欧•亨利独特的写作技巧，作者也作出了合理的阐释，这些写作技巧的应用有助于更加充分地表达现实主义主题，其程度也在现实主义作品允许的范围之内。

关键词：现实主义，人物，主题，细节描写，写作技巧
Realism in O. Henry’s Short Stories
 
ABSTRACT

O. Henry, a distinguished realist writer, is seen as a giant in world literature. His writing style typical of realism has great impact on the following men of letters. Critics have also attached significant importance to it and put forward various interpretations.
However, Warner Bethoff, an American critic, argues that O. Henry is a “pseudo-realist”. He thinks that O. Henry’s complex plot and his surprising endings do not conform to the requirements of the realistic works. Regarding Warner’s conclusion, this paper holds a different view. The paper will confirm the existence of the elements of realism in O. Henry’s works through the exhaustive analysis and reasonable explanation. The characters under O. Henry’s pen are typical and abundant in the everyday life. Darkness, corruption and injustice are exposed in his works. Detailed descriptions are not only objective, but also vivid. All these are the characteristics of realistic fiction. As regard to the writing techniques, the author also makes reasonable explanations. Application of these techniques contributes to full expression of subjects, but doesn’t exceed the extend of realism.      

Key words: realism, characters, themes, detailed descriptions, writing techniques

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