汽油辛烷值改进剂的研究

汽油辛烷值改进剂的研究
 
摘  要
目前，汽油辛烷值改进剂的种类有很多，如：四乙基铅、甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)、甲基环戊二烯丁基锰(MMT)等，但是它们在提高汽油辛烷值的同时也给生态环境和人类造成了不同程度的污染和危害，有些污染和危害很难被去除，甚至是致命的。
因此，我所设计的实验是利用微生物来作为汽油辛烷值的改进剂，对壬烷进行生物降解，从而提高汽油的辛烷值。
本实验所采用的菌源来自于辽河油田采油井附近长期被油污染的土壤，经过富集筛选、分离纯化后得到一株能以壬烷为惟一碳源和能源进行生长的细菌，命名为K菌。通过形态学观察、生理生化特征鉴定，结合16S rDNA扩增、测序，运用BLAST检索分析，建立系统进化树。结果表明：K菌的形态和主要的生理生化特性与芽孢杆菌属一致，而且与蜡状芽孢杆菌(AH1134)的16S rDNA序列有较高的同源性(相似度为99％)；在系统发育树上构成一个分支。由此确定该壬烷降解菌为蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)。K菌降解壬烷的最适温度为37℃，最适PH为8.0，最适降解壬烷浓度为500mg/L，最佳接种量为10%，72h内降解率为73%。
关键词：壬烷，降解菌，筛选分离，降解特性，16S rDNA

Studies on gasoline octane improver
 
Currently, gasoline octane improver has many types, such as: tetraethyl lead,  methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), methyl butyl cyclopentadienyl manganese (MMT), etc., however, they raise gasoline octane and also cause varying degrees of pollution and hazards to the ecological value of the environment and human, some pollution and harm is difficult to remove, or even fatal.
Therefore, I designed an experiment is the use of microbes as gasoline octane improver, mainly for nonane biodegradation so as to enhance gasoline octane.
The source of bacteria used in the experiments is from the oil contaminated soil, which close to the production wells of Liaohe oil field, after enrichment screening, isolation and purification can obtain one of bacteria, which can use of nonane as the carbon and energy sources, named K bacteria. By morphological, physiological and biochemical characterization, combined with 16S rDNA amplification, sequencing, analysis of BLAST search, set up a tree of phylogenetic evolvement. The results showed that: the forms of K bacteria and the major physiological and biochemical characteristics consistent with the genus Bacillus, and with the sequences of Bacillus cereus (AH1134) of 16S rDNA has high homology (similarity 99%); in the system development form a tree branch. Thus, it can be sure that the nonane degrading bacteria is Bacillus cereus. The optimum temperature of K Biodegradation nonane is 37℃, the optimal of PH is 8.0, the optimal concentration of degradation nonane is 500mg /l, the best inoculation is 10% and the best degradation rate is 73% in 72 hours.
Key words: nonane, degradation strain, isolation, degradation characteristics, 16S rDNA

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