浅析赠与人的紧急需要抗辩权

浅析赠与人的紧急需要抗辩权
浅析赠与人的紧急需要抗辩权
 

摘要：紧急需要抗辩权又称穷困抗辩权，有的学者称穷困之际的不履行权，是保护赠与人利益的一项重要制度。各国民法中规定的赠与人紧急抗辩权是法律认可的“先己后人”原则。我国《合同法》亦予以确认，但由于规定过于笼统导致司法适用中分歧和偏差。如，赠与人所取得的不履行赠与义务的权利属何性质？应具备哪些条件方可行使？能否在所有的赠与合同中普遍适用？对已经履行的赠与是否可以请求返还？本文着重从以上几个问题探讨紧急抗辩权的本旨，以廓清其界限,从而有益于紧急需要抗辩权的司法适用。
关键词：赠与合同；紧急需要抗辩权；适用条件；效力
  

Gift of the urgent need to defend human rights
              
Abstract：Also known as the urgent need to defend the right of the poor, and some scholars said that the occasion of the poor of the non-performance of the right gift is to protect the interests of an important system. Provisions of civil law countries grant people the right to emergency defense is legal recognition of "their own people first" principle. China's "Contract Law" has to be confirmed, but the provisions are too general to apply in the administration of justice led to differences and deviations. For example, the gifts were not made to fulfill the obligations of the right to grant the nature? What conditions should be exercised? Whether the gift in all contracts of general application? Have the possibility to fulfill the request of the return of a gift? This article focused on several issues from the above study the urgent thrust of the right to defense in order to clarify its boundaries, and thus benefit the urgent need to defend the right to apply to the administration of justice.
Key words：grant contract; urgent need to defend the right; conditions apply      Effect

中国传统道德一向倡导先人后己，舍己为人，认为这是中华民族的传统美德，而先己后人是自私的表现，非君子所为也。然而从法律的角度上来看，先人后己固然为法律所鼓励；而先己后人即自身有余，始能救人，却为普通人所遵循，法律不应禁止。

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