从功能翻译观看《红楼梦》霍译本文化翻译

从功能翻译观看《红楼梦》霍译本文化翻译
德国功能主义翻译理论学派中的核心理论----目的论(Skopos theory)认为翻译是一种基于源语文本的有目的的行为活动，决定翻译过程的最高准则是整个翻译行为的目的。学者们对目的论的评价有褒有贬,在批评的声音中颇具代表性的是:功能派理论不适用于文学翻译。
本文以目的论为理论框架，分析《红楼梦》这一中国古典文学名著的大卫.霍克斯的译本中的文化翻译。主要从五个方面即:生态文化，物质文化，社会文化，宗教文化，语言文化对《红楼梦》霍译本中的文化因素的进行深入分析，说明目的论是如何对译者选择翻译策略起作用的，以及所选的策略又是如何进一步影响译文效果的。当译者处理文化翻译时常会对文化因素进行保留，流失及转译等处理。

关键词：翻译策略；文化；目的论
Cultural Translation in the Hawkes’ Version of Hong Lou Meng
-----From the Functionalist Perspective
 

Skopos theory, which developed from German functionalism，holds that translation is a form of transnational action based on a source text.  The prime principle determining any transaction process is the purpose (Skopos) of the overall transactional action. Scholars hold different opinions toward it, among which the most typical is the doubt about the appropriateness of the theory to the translation of literary texts.
The present study will apply the Skopos theory to the cultural translation of Hawkes’ versions of Hong Lou Meng within five cultural factors, i.e. ecology culture system, language culture system, religion culture system, material culture system and social culture system. This thesis analyzes how the Skopos theory exerts an influence upon the translator's choice of the strategies and further influences the effect of the translation. It is found that some translation strategies such as adaptation，abridgement，imitation and so on are used when the translators come to cultural translation.

Key words: translation strategy; culture; Skopos theory

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