基于奥巴马演讲分析英语政治演讲的隐喻性特征

基于奥巴马演讲分析英语政治演讲的隐喻性特征
隐喻是一种有效的话语分析方法，同样也是人们认知世界的一种手段，能够有效地揭示他人的思想和观点。它普遍存在于人们的语言、思维和行为之中。作为诗学和文学的一种传统的研究话题，隐喻近来越来越受到哲学家、语言学家、心理学家等的关注。隐喻也同样充分体现在英语政治演讲辞中，能够作为一个分析性工具来帮助我们更好地理解政治语篇中所隐含的意识形态和价值观。本文将针对奥巴马的演讲词这一特定体裁，以语言学、认知学和语用学等理论为基础，对演讲辞中的隐喻进行探讨和分析。以往有很多学者对公众演讲的特征感兴趣，但他们主要集中在公众演讲所体现的语言使用的这些特征上如句法、词汇、语音、修辞手法以及文体的特征上。有些学者也曾从隐喻角度做过研究，但由于奥巴马演讲题材较新，很少有人以他的演讲作为载体结合语言学、认知学和语用学对隐喻在政治演讲中的渗透进行研究，阐释他如何将隐喻运用于他的演讲中，从而宣传他的政治策略，从而实现激励和劝说民众的目的。本选题突破了历来将隐喻的研究局限在诗学、文学等范畴，以语言学、认知学和语用学等为理论基础，在分析奥巴马演讲辞的基础上探讨隐喻修辞手法的运用对英语政治演讲效果的影响，以新颖的视角和题材对隐喻和演讲进行理论和实例相结合、相互渗透和论证分析填补了以往的研究在这一领域的空白。

关键词：英语政治演讲；隐喻；认知语言学；语用学；语义学
Metaphorical Characteristics of English Political Speeches
——An Analysis Based on Obama's Speeches
 
Metaphor, a traditional topic for poetry and literary studies, has recently attracted increasing attention of philosophers, linguists, psychologists, and is generally regarded as a testing ground for theories of meaning in particular and theories of language comprehension in general. Many scholars have already studied the characteristics of English public speaking (hence, EPS), but mainly concentrated on such features of its language use as syntactic, lexical, phonetic features or the stylistic features. Even though some researchers have already made studies from the perspective of metaphor, few of them incorporate linguistic, cognitive and pragmatic dimensions to reveal the underlying concepts and ideologies of the speakers who deliver EPSs. The author will try to classify and analyze metaphors in Obama’s political speeches with the different approaches—pragmatics, cognitive linguistics, and semantics—as theoretical background, which can help people truly understand what the speaker tries to convey by resorting to rhetoric like metaphor. Thus, it will give an easy way to see clearly the overall picture of metaphor understanding in EPSs. Some of the methods can also be applied to other researches relating to metaphor or speeches, and the study is meaningful to language study and use both in school and in everyday life. The analysis of metaphors in the corpus may not be so accurate. This area needs to be further investigated and confirmed.

Key Words: English political speech; metaphor; cognitive linguistics; pragmatics; semantics

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