英语新闻中被动语态的语篇功能分析
英语新闻中被动语态的语篇功能分析
摘要
本文以韩礼德系统功能语法为理论基础，从语篇功能角度探讨了被动语态在构建英语新闻语篇中的作用。被动语态的使用由来已久，作为一种句法资源，被动语态不仅和主动语态关系密切，它的选择是与具体语境分不开的。在英语新闻语篇中，被动语态的大量使用已成为一项重要文体特征，因此，本文就被动语态在新闻语篇中的语篇功能进行分析。作者分别从主位结构、主位/述位关系着手探讨了被动语态在新闻语篇中的语篇功能。从对被选取的六则包含被动语态的语篇分析来看，被动语态具有六个方面的语篇功能：凸显焦点功能、对比焦点功能、突出主题功能、引入主题功能、转换主题功能以及语篇衔接功能。
通过上述的论述和分析，作者证明了被动语态具有很强的语用重组性，它所具备的语篇功能使新闻语篇独具特色，新闻工作者在新闻语篇的撰写中可以适当地运用被动语态。
关键词：英语新闻；语篇功能；被动语态
Analysis of the Textual Function of Passive Voice in English News
The thesis is based on the theoretical framework of Halliday’s Systemic-functional Grammar for the purpose of investigating how the passive voice is used in English news discourse in terms of its various textual functions. In certain journalistic texts selected as examples in the thesis, passive sentences have been converted into non-passive sentences, through which the comparison is established in order to show that passivism realizes the textual functions and contributes to the objectivity of a journalistic text. At the same time, the Theme-rheme analyzing method has been used to help the readers to learn the semantic relationships in the journalistic texts, and finally realize the definite functions of passive voice. The research materials analyzed in the present thesis include 6 discourses, which were chosen from Times published during 1999 to 2008.
From the analysis and discussion the study finds that passivism in journalistic texts have six textual functions: i.e. focus-protruding function, focus-contrasting function, theme-stressing function, theme-introducing function, theme-transferring function, cohesion-developing function. The author also finds that passivism is
very important in organizing a journalistic text through the means of pragmatic rearrangement, i.e. rearrangement of information. The textual functions of passivism enable the journalistic discourse being characteristic and, simultaneously, generating unique effects. Journalists could appropriately employ passive voice in news composition.
Key words: English journalistic texts; textual function; passivism
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