从关联理论看《红楼梦》中称谓的英译

从关联理论看《红楼梦》中称谓的英译
摘  要

称谓语本身的语言和文化特点决定了人们在对其进行翻译时会遇到问题。由于英汉文化的巨大差异，翻译《红楼梦》中的称谓语更是困难重重。论文将《红楼梦》中的称谓语分为两类：亲属称谓语与社会称谓语，在关联理论的指导下，对杨宪益与霍克斯两个英译本中相应的译文进行对比、分析，发现关联理论既适用于称谓语翻译的评价，也适用于称谓语翻译的实践。在评价称谓语译文时，既要看它是否传达了原文想要表达的意图，又要看读者理解它时是否需要过多的处理努力。在具体翻译称谓语时，译者应当努力使原文作者的意图与译文读者的期待相吻合：首先，译者要识别原文作者使用称谓语的意图；然后，对译文读者的认知语境和交际期待进行估计；最后，译者需将自己对原文作者意图的理解，转换成不需要过多处理努力的译文。

关键词：关联理论；称谓语；翻译；认知语境；意图
On Translation of Appellations in Hong Lou Meng from a Relevance-theoretic Perspective
 
ABSTRACT

Appellation translation can never be regarded as an easy job because of its linguistic and cultural features. Due to the differences between Chinese and English cultures, translating appellations in Hong Lou Meng may be even harder. In this thesis, the appellations collected from Hong Lou Meng are divided into two groups. They are kinship appellations and social appellations. The corresponding translations are also gathered from its two English versions translated by Yangs and Hawkes. After studying them carefully from the perspective of relevance theory, the author finds that the principle of relevance is applicable to both the evaluation and the practice of the translation of appellations. Evaluating the translation of an appellation of any kind dwells on whether it communicates the intention of the original term and whether it requires unnecessary processing effort. While translating an appellation, a translator is supposed to make the intention of the writer meet the expectation of the target reader. He/she should recognize the writer’s intention of the use of the term, assess the cognitive context and the expectation of the target reader, and finally express his/her interpretation of the writer’s intention in an appropriate translation which should not cost unnecessary processing effort.

Key words: relevance theory; appellations; translation; cognitive context; intention

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