儿童会话中的言语幽默分析— 基于中国情景喜剧《家有儿女Ⅰ》的语料分析

儿童会话中的言语幽默分析— 基于中国情景喜剧《家有儿女Ⅰ》的语料分析
摘  要

幽默是我们生活中的调味品，是生活必不可少的一部分。幽默作为一种特殊的言语交际形式，可通过笑话、讥讽、反语、喜剧、俏皮话、轶事趣闻等来展现。国内外学者运用语用学对言语幽默的研究主要是近些年兴起的。随着中国情景喜剧的发展，语用学的核心内容—合作原则，成为研究言语交际的重要理论，但国内外学者对儿童会话中的言语幽默研究较少。文章在前人研究的基础上，依据格莱斯的合作原则理论，从会话分析视角，运用定量和定性相结合的方法，对中国中国情景喜剧《家有儿女Ⅰ》中两儿童与他人会话中的言语幽默现象进行了尝试性研究。文章作者依照会话转写原则转写了《家有儿女Ⅰ》前30集具有幽默性的会话语料，通过对其中106段孩子与孩子以及孩子与大人的幽默对话的定量和定性分析，发现对合作原则的违反导致了大量幽默的生成。对儿童会话中言语幽默的特征、产生原因及表现形式的讨论可见：儿童言语特征具有不合作性及反语多用性；儿童的不满情绪、贪吃贪玩或逃避惩罚的心理和言语一词多义现象导致儿童有意或无意违背会话的合作原则；反语是儿童会话幽默的主要表现形式。

关键词：言语幽默；儿童会话；情景喜剧；合作原则
An Analysis of Verbal Humor in Children Conversation
— Based on the Chinese Situation Comedy Home with KidsⅠ 

ABSTRACT

Humor is a spice as well as an essential part of our life. As a special form of verbal communication, humor can be presented through carriers like joke, satire, irony, comedy, wise-crack, and anecdote and so on. In recent years, scholars have done studies on verbal humor mainly by applying Pragmatics. And with the development of Chinese situation comedy, Cooperative Principle, one of the core ideas in Pragmatics, has become an important theory to throw a light on verbal humor among which the studies in children conversation are few. Based on the previous researches, the present study makes a tentative exploration into the verbal humor occurring in children conversation presented in Chinese situation comedy Home with KidsⅠ within the framework of Grice’s Cooperative Principle with a combination of quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis from the conversation perspective. According to transfer principle in conversation analysis, the author has transferred 106 humorous conversational corpus in the first 30 episodes of Home with KidsⅠ and through quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis on these humorous dialogues occurring between children and children or children and adults, the study has found that the violation of Cooperative Principle can result in the generation of a lot of humor. The present study makes an emphasis on features, causes, and methods of verbal humor with conclusions that no-cooperation and favorite of irony are the main features of children’s verbal humor; the eager to show dissatisfaction, eat or play, or escape punishment and the language polysemy contribute children to flouting Cooperative Principle consciously or unconsciously; and irony is the major method to express children’s verbal humor.

Key words: verbal humor；children conversation；situation comedy；Cooperative Principle

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