从《家有儿女》《老友记》看中美合作原则的违背

从《家有儿女》《老友记》看中美合作原则的违背
摘  要
 
论文从合作原则的角度分析中美情景喜剧《家有儿女》《老友记》，主要关注“违反合作原则存在普遍性”这一论点，提出无论中国人，还是美国人都不免要违反合作原则中的各项准则。论文分析的实例来源于中美情景喜剧《家有儿女》第一部和《老友记》第一季。随机抽取其中的几集，对其中的某些言语现象按合作原则各类准则的违反情况进行归纳分析。
另外，论文主要从文化因素的两个方面阐述了人物角色违反合作原则的原因：礼貌，语境文化。在分析中发现两国在这两个方面存在共性也存在差异。第一，中美人礼貌观是共性中存在差异。中国人讲礼貌突出贬己尊人的谦虚准则，美国人讲礼貌首先要注意尊重别人的隐私。第二，语境文化方面中美两国差异大于共性。处于高语境文化环境的中国人讲话含蓄，出于低语境文化环境的美国人说话直白。
 
关键词：合作原则； 《家有儿女》； 《老友记》； 礼貌； 语境文化
An Analysis of Violating Cooperative Principle in
 Home with Kids and Friends
 
ABSTRACT
 
    This paper analyzes two sitcoms, the Chinese sitcom Home with Kids and the American sitcom Friends. Main attention is put on demonstrating “the universality of flouting maxims of Cooperative Principle”. The paper holds that both the Chinese and the American are the same in violating maxims of Cooperative Principle. For case study, verbal utterances are selected from the first season of Home with Kids and Friends respectively. Those chosen utterances are classified into different categories in terms of the violation of specific maxims.
Culture as an explanatory ground is concentrated on politeness and context culture. To sum up, Cooperative Principle is universally and culturally based. Both the Chinese and the American could violate any maxim of Cooperative Principle, but the underlying reasons are culturally different. Firstly, the two countries’ people have different priorities in being polite. Chinese people tend to be modest, while American people try not to intrude others’ privacy. Secondly, China and America are in High-context culture and Low-context culture respectively. Chinese people are usually indirect in expressing their meaning in contrast to American people’s directness.

Key words: Cooperative Principle; Home with Kids; Friends; politeness; context culture

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