论托尼•莫里森《宠儿》中的原型

论托尼•莫里森《宠儿》中的原型
摘  要

本文依据原型批评理论，对托尼•莫里森的代表作《宠儿》中的神话原型进行分析。在这部小说中，莫里森采用了许多神话原型，小说中丰富的神话原型因素已经引起了评论界的关注，但对其进行全面深入研究的尚不多。论文首先介绍了弗莱的原型批评理论，并对小说中出现的主要原型进行分析。在原型场景中，论文主要探讨了耶稣诞生的马棚与丹芙出生的小船之间以及伊甸园与甜蜜之家之间的原型对应关系；接着分析了“树”、“水”和“数字”三种原型意象；论文最后分析了《宠儿》中的原型人物。塞斯的形象体现了神话中的大母亲原型，而萨格斯的原型是圣经中的上帝。通过在小说中应用这些圣经神话原型，莫里森深刻地揭示了美国奴隶制给黑人身心带来的创伤，深化了小说对美国社会盛行的种族主义的批判。

关键词：托尼•莫里森，《宠儿》，弗莱，原型
On the Archetypes in Toni Morrison’s Beloved
 
ABSTRACT

This paper analyzes the Archetypes in Beloved which is the masterpiece of the Nobel Prize winner Toni Morrison with the help of Frye’s Archetypal theory. In this novel, Morrison adopts many myth archetypes. Although mythical and archetypal elements in the novel have attracted much critical attention, few critics have done comprehensive and in-depth studies upon it. This paper first gives a short introduction to Frye’s Archetypal theory, and analyzes the major archetypes in the novel. In discussing the archetypal settings, the paper focuses on the corresponding relationship between the stable where Jesus is born and the boat where Denver is born, as well as the correspondence between Garden of Eden and the “Sweet Home”. The paper then interprets the archetypal imagery through analyzing the images of “tree”, “water” and “numbers” in Beloved. And finally, the paper is an analysis of the archetypal characters in Beloved. Sethe’s image bears some resemblance to the Great Mother in myths, and the archetype of Baby Suggs can be found in the biblical God. Through the adoption of the mythical and biblical archetypes in the novel, Morrison not only reveals the mental and physical hurt on the black slaves by the slavery, but also intensifies the novel’s indictment against the prevailing racism in American society.

Key words: Toni Morrison, Beloved, Frye, archetype

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