《傻瓜威尔逊》中的异化主题

《傻瓜威尔逊》中的异化主题
摘  要

异化不仅是一个热门的哲学话题，而且是现代文学的永恒主题，倍受广大学者的关注。被誉为美国文学界林肯的马克•吐温也不例外，其晚期作品《傻瓜威尔逊》出版于1894年，讲述的是女黑奴露克姗娜的遭遇。本论文以异化理论为基础，通过分析其主人公女黑奴露克姗娜内心所受异化的折磨和与自己儿子之间逐渐被异化的关系，旨在更好地理解这部作品及其主题。文章首先介绍了马克•吐温的生平和作品《傻瓜威尔逊》，然后从异化的发展、定义、和分类的角度加深对异化的认知，这样有助于小说主题的深入挖掘。在分析《傻瓜威尔逊》中的异化主题时，文章试从新的角度剖析，即：从人性的异化和人与人之间的异化关系来研究造成异化的根源，通过深入分析主人公露克姗娜与其他人、与自我的异化，再现了一个敢于反抗而又陷入可悲状况的黑人形象，从而从整体上获得对小说的全面认识与理解。

关键词：异化，马克•吐温，《傻瓜威尔逊》，种族歧视
The Theme of Alienation in Pudd’nhead Wilson
 
ABSTRACT

Alienation is not only a hot topic of philosophy, but also the universal theme of all modern literature. As a popular topic, it has drawn many scholars’ attention in recent years. Mark Twain, honored as Licon in American literature, is no exception. Pudd’nhead Wilson, which tells Roxona’s bad treatment, was published in 1894. Based on the alienation, this thesis aims at a better understanding of Pudd’nhead Wilson and its theme, through the analysis of Roxona’s heart tortured by alienation and the alienated relationship with her son Chambers. First, the introduction part presents life experience of Mark Twain and the literature review about Pudd’nhead Wilson. Then, this paper discusses alienation from the angles of definition and development, which helps to deepen the theme of the novel. When analyzing the theme of Pudd’nhead Wilson, this paper aims to explore the root of alienation from a new angle by means of two kinds of analysis: alienation of human nature and alienation of human relations. At last, by analysing Roxona’s alienation with others and with herself, this paper represents a black woman who is rebellious and always in trouble. So all-round recognition and understanding of the novel can be acquired as a whole.

Key words: alienation, Mark Twain, Pudd’nhead Wilson, racial discrimination

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