公共政策对社会阶层分化的影响

公共政策对社会阶层分化的影响
摘    要
    社会阶层群体结构在不同社会和社会发展的不同阶段有着不同的内容和表现形式，中国社会转型使当代中国社会阶层群体结构呈现诸多特点，认真研究当代中国社会阶层群体结构与政府政策的关系，创新社会政策体系，培育合理的社会阶层群体结构，促进全面建设小康社会的顺利实现和社会主义和谐社会的建立，具有重要的理论和现实意义。
本文第一部分首先阐述了社会阶层结构理论，其次运用收集的数据推断当代社会阶层分化的状况。通过对大量的调查资料研究分析，得出当代中国社会阶层结构的基本形态由十大社会阶层组成，社会阶层结构呈“金字塔型”，中间阶层规模小，贫富分化严重。借鉴各国发展的经验，可知促进我国社会阶层结构向现代社会的阶层结构形态发展必须是政府工作的目标。
第二部分着重分析影响当代中国社会阶层结构形成的主要因素。经过大量的文献查阅以及本文作者的仔细分析，影响因素包括有改革开放政策、社会政策的滞后和缺位以及缺乏合理的社会流动机制。
第三部分提出建立有效的公共政策是政府改善我国社会阶层结构的一个必然选择，由此提倡建立新的公共政策体系：收入分配政策、货币财政政策、教育政策、社会保障政策、城市化政策和产业政策，说明这些政策能够扩大中间阶层的比重，缩小贫富的差距，促使社会阶层群体结构向与现代化经济结构相适应的现代社会阶层群体结构转变。

关键词  阶层分化；社会阶层结构；公共政策
 
Abstract
The contents and expressions of social strata vary from society to society. At the different stages of social development, differences of them also can be seen. At present, china’s social transition is progressing with many characteristics of social stratum. To study the relationship between the social stratum and public policy, the innovation and creation of a new system of social policies, and the cultivation of a fair social stratum will be helpful in strengthening the ruling of the government and reinforcing her sound class and mass foundations. It will also play an important role in constructing a society of well-being and harmony in china. This reflects the theoretical and practical importance of the study on the social stratum.
The first part of this dissertation expatiates on the structure of the social stratum. It deduces the situation of the classification of social stratum from the data collected. Through the study and analysis of tremendous investigation and references, a conclusion can be reached: the basic structure of the social stratum is formed by ten social stratums. The structure portrays like a pyramid in which the middle part is small in size. That displays a severe polarization between the poor and the rich. Consulting other countries’ experiences in developing, the task of our government inevitably leads to improve the structure of social stratum and develop it into a modern form.
    The main elements that influence the conformation of the social stratum’s structure of modern China are emphatically analyzed in the second part. Through vast consultation of literature and discreet analysis of the author, the elements include the policy of reform and opening-up, the lagging-back and absence of certain social policy and the lack of sound social mobility system.
    The third part puts forward that an establishment of efficient civil policy is a certain choice for the government to improve the structure of social stratum of our country. Therefore, the establishment of new civil policy system should be advocated, which includes the policy of income distribution, the policy of currency and finance, policy of education, policy of social security, policy of Urbanization and policy of property. These policies can enlarge the proportion of the middle part in the structure of social stratum and shorten the gap of the poor and the rich and impel the structure of the social stratum to a transformation of modern social stratum’s structure that accommodates the structure of economy in modernization.

Key words   the evolution of social stratum  contents and expressions of social   public policy

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