论把字句的特点及其翻译

论把字句的特点及其翻译
摘  要

“把”字句是现代汉语的一个特有句式。“把”字句就是指谓语动词前头用这个特殊介词引出受事、表示对受事加以某种处置或致使的一种主动句。该句式有以下五个特点：一是突出、强调“把”字所引出的词语；二是谓语不以光杆动词出现；三是谓语动词带宾语或有介词短语做补语时“把”宾语不能后移；四是“把”字和谓语动词间不能加能愿动词或否定词；五是谓语动词表示的动作对“把”字所引出的对象施加影响。针对以上所述的“把”字句的种种特点，论文提出以下几种翻译方法：一是将“把”字句的宾语译成句子的主语；二是将“把”字句的宾语处理成动词的宾语；三是直接运用英语中的致使动词对译。论文在最后将讨论“把”字句在翻译中情境相关信息的丢失和补偿问题。

关键词：把字句；特点；英译

Characteristics of Ba Construction and Its Translation
 
ABSTRACT

Ba construction is a sentence pattern specific of modern Chinese. It is a pattern of active voice which uses “Ba” in front of the predicate verb to introduce the patient，conveying a construction meaning of disposal or causative. It has five characteristics as listed below: 1) focusing on the object of “Ba”, 2) predicate in the form of verb phrase, 3) the immobility of the object of “Ba” when the predicate verb has an object, or is followed by a prepositional phrase serving as the complement, 4) forbidding the access of modal verbs and negatives between “Ba” and the predicate verb, 5) influence on the people or thing that “Ba” introduces. Based the characteristics of Ba construction listed above, this paper proposes three translating methods. They are: 1) conveying the object of “Ba” into the subject, 2) transferring the object of “Ba” to the object of the verb, 3) replacing with English causative verbs. And at the end of the paper is a discussion of the compensation for the loss of context-dependant information of Ba construction in translation.

Key Words: Ba construction, characteristics, translation

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