试论英文抽象名词及其汉译

试论英文抽象名词及其汉译
摘  要

抽象名词广泛应用于各种文体是现代英语的一大特点。抽象名词意义虚泛，概括性强，具有言简意赅的效果。但是抽象名词的理解难度较大，英汉语言转换时易产生误译或生硬不自然的译文，因此需要引起足够的重视。作者首先介绍了英文抽象名词的来源，认为其主要来源于两个方面：固有词汇和派生词汇；其次，就句法功能将其分为两类：抽象名词用作普通名词，集合名词；再次，分析了英文抽象名词的语义功能，把它分作两类：表示行为的和表示性质的抽象名词。接着通过具体的实例，在理解的基础上，根据英汉两种语言不同的表达习惯，对其翻译方法作了进一步探讨，提出了诸如转换法、抽象名词具体化法、增词法、意译法、直译法等方法来翻译抽象名词，从而使译文达到信、达、雅。

关键词：英文，抽象名词，翻译技巧    
On English Abstract Nouns and Their Translation
                                          

ABSTRACT
One of the features of modern English is the wide use of abstract nouns in all kinds of writing. Abstract nouns are characterized by simplicity in form but generalization and vagueness in meaning. Therefore sometimes it is not easy to understand them correctly. In English-Chinese translation the English abstract nouns should be flexibly dealt with, otherwise there may appear improper Chinese if translated word for word. Therefore, in this paper, the author first introduces the two origins of English abstract nouns, namely, the intrinsic abstract nouns and the derivative abstract nouns. According to their syntactic functions, English abstract nouns can be classified into two types: abstract nouns used as common nouns and collective nouns. As far as their semantic functions are concerned, English abstract nouns falls into two types: abstract nouns denoting action and abstract nouns denoting quality. Then the author moves on to discuss the techniques to translate English abstract nouns into Chinese. Five techniques are discussed with examples, namely, conversion, concretization, amplification, literal translation and free translation. Only by using these methods flexibly can we make our translation faithful, expressive and elegant.
Key words: English, abstract nouns, translation techniques

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