简论中国翻译策略的历史演变

简论中国翻译策略的历史演变
摘  要

本文探讨中国翻译策略的历史演变轨迹及其背后的决定因素。中国有着几千年的翻译史，经历了四次发展高潮。它们分别是从东汉到唐宋的佛经翻译高潮，明朝末期的科技翻译高潮，清朝的从《南京条约》开始的社会科学，军事科学以及文学翻译高潮以及中华人民共和国成立之后的综合性翻译高潮。随着翻译活动的兴盛与衰败，其间翻译策略也经历了先异化再归化再融合的发展轨迹。但翻译策略的历史演变不是任意的，它是由特定的社会历史条件决定的。在这个过程的背后，社会历史的三大主流即政治，文化，经济对翻译策略的演变有着决定性的作用。文章首先对归化、异化翻译策略进行了介绍，接着回顾了中国翻译活动的发展历程，并勾勒出翻译策略的演变轨迹，最后运用操控派的理论对其进行了解释。

关键词：翻译策略，归化，异化，演变，操控
A Brief Study of Historical Evolution of China’s Translation Strategies
 
ABSTRACT

This paper explores the historical evolution of China’s translation strategies and the manipulative factors behind it. In its long history of translation, China has experienced four climaxes. They are the climax of Buddhism translation from East Han Dynasty to Tang and Song Dynasties, the climax of science and technology translation of late Ming Dynasty, the climax of social science, military science and literature translation beginning from the Nanjing Treaty of Qing Dynasty and the climax of comprehensive translation after the founding of the People’s Republic of China. With the rise and fall of translation, the strategies have also undergone an evolution pattern from foreignization to domestication and to the integration of them. The historical evolution of translation strategies is not random, but decided by the social factors such as politics, culture, economy which make up the three big mainstreams of social history. The paper first offers an introduction of the two translation strategies—domestication and foreignization. After making a review of their historical development, it outlines the evolution pattern that they have undergone. Finally, the paper provides an account for it from the perspective of the Manipulative Theory.  

Key words: translation strategy, domestication, foreignization, evolution, manipulation 

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