礼貌原则在跨文化交际中的应用

礼貌原则在跨文化交际中的应用
摘  要

礼貌用语作为语言的一个组成部分，在跨文化交际中起着重要的作用。由于中国的历史背景和文化背景与西方国家有着相当大的差异，这种差异在跨文化交际中很容易引起误解。本文以东西方主要的礼貌理论回顾为基础，探究汉英礼貌原则的异同,并采用了对比分析的方法，就如何在英语和汉语中使用称谓形式、问候语、恭维语、致谢致歉语及如何提出拒绝作了对比研究，增强对目的语文化的敏感性和领悟力,并加强语言实践，使我们在跨文化交际中更加自觉和准确地使用语言。通过对礼貌用语的研究，我们发现在与不同文化背景的人交往时不应该按照各自的文化标准来衡量礼貌语言，而应该按照对方的标准来衡量,才能更好的明白对方的礼貌用语，熟练的使用目标语言。探讨中西方礼貌用语的差异，无疑会增强交际者的文化敏感性，减少语用失误，帮助交际者通过使用恰当的礼貌用语来达到有效交际的目的。本文探讨了造成礼貌用语差异的文化因素，将与之相关的东西方主要价值观念进行了对比，并就如何提高跨文化语用交际能力提出了若干建议。

关键词：礼貌原则, 跨文化交际, 应用
On Application of Politeness Principle in Intercultural Communication
 

ABSTRACT

Politeness, as a component of language, plays an important role in the intercultural communication. China is totally different from the Western countries both in its history and its culture, misusing the politeness may easily lead to misunderstanding in the intercultural communication. This paper based on a literature review of politeness theories both in English and Chinese, attempts to examine the similarities and differences of politeness principles, and identifies the essential similarities as well as differences in addressing, greeting, complimenting, apologizing and refusing through contrastive analysis, to achieve mutual understanding and respect alert to target culture and practice more, increasing the ability of using language consciously and correctly. The result tells us that people with different cultural background should not assess the politeness with their own cultural standard, they must work hard to make themselves understand their counterparts’ culture, and only in this way they can finally understand their politeness and use the target languages freely. The paper identified differences with specific cultural patterns and assumptions, and put forward suggestions on how to cultivate and improve one’s communicative competence.

Keywords: Politeness Principle, Intercultural Communication, Application

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