清末留学生救国思想的嬗变

清末留学生救国思想的嬗变
摘  要

救国，是近代中国历史发展的主题，对清末留学生而言也不例外。他们进入西方，亲身体会到西方民主、平等的政治体制和生活方式后，意识到器物救国难以真正实现中国的富强，主张效仿西方民主制度，出现了制度救国思想。进入20世纪后，面对日益加深的民族危机，清政府的日益腐朽，留学生的救国思想发生转变。他们放弃制度救国，走上了推翻清朝封建统治，建立民主共和的道路。本文以清末留学生救国思想的转变为线索，探讨其转变的原因以及不同时期的表现和作用。

关键词：留学生；器物救国；制度救国；推翻帝制 
ABSTRACT

Saving the nation was the theme of the development of modern Chinese history.At the end of the Qing Dynasty,Chinese students abroad entered into the western countries and experienced their democracy,equality,political system and the way of life, which led to them realizing that it was impossible to achieve the prosperity of Chinese nation by technology of salvation.They advocated to imitate the western democratic system.Then the system of salvation appeared.In the early twentieth century,with the national crisis growing in intensity and the Qing government gradually decaying,their thought of saving the nation changed.They eventually abandoned the system of salvation and walked up to the road of overthrowing the rule of Qing Dynasty and establishing a Democratic Republic.This article takes the change of the students' thought in saving the nation as clue, explores the reasons why it changed,its performances and functions in different periods.

Key words:Chinese students abroad;technology of salvation;system of salvation;overthrowing the monarchy

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