公共危机管理：政府职能定位与应对策略

 摘要
目前，中国处于深刻的社会转型时期，在社会发展序列谱上恰好对应着“非稳定状态”频发阶段，各种矛盾增多，危机层出不穷，影响到政治、经济、社会等各个方面。因此，加强危机管理是各级政府必须面对的一项紧迫任务。
政府公共危机是指在政府管理国家事务中，突然发生的如地震、流行病、经济波动、恐怖活动等对社会生活与社会秩序造成重大损失的事件。我国政府在危机管理方面还存在着很大的问题，如应急反应迟缓、信息沟通不畅、政府合作不够、社会参与程度不高等，这些问题产生的原因主要有政府公共危机意识淡薄、对公共危机的基本特征认识不够、公共危机管理体制落后、缺乏法制规范等。在危机发生越来越频繁的今天，一个国家要减少危机的发生，降低危机的损失，提高政府应对危机的效率，就必须加强和完善政府危机管理的职能。对此，可以从以下几方面展开：建立政府危机管理的预警机制，增强对公共危机的可预见性；建立快速反应机制，强化危机发生后政府处理危机的能力；建立处置危机的权威机构和相关体制，提高公共危机管理的科学性；动员全社会参与危机救治，增强社会认同；加强信息交流，提高政府公信力；加强法制建设，使公共危机管理法制化。

关键词：公共危机；政府管理；职能定位
Abstract

At present，China is going on the social transition，which matches to the pllrase  with frequent unstable state in the social development history．All kinds of  contradictions and crises are appearing and it has influenced our politics，economy and  society． So it’s significant for US to know about the status quo of the crisis  management of china governments .
The government public crisis is refers to, in the government manages in the affair  of  state, has like the earthquake, epidemic disease, the economical  fluctuation,  the  terrorism and so on to cause the heavy losses suddenly to the social public life with the social order the event. Management of our government in crisis, there are still serious problems, such as emergency response delay, poor communication, insufficient cooperation with the Government, social participation is not higher. Occurs more frequent today at the crisis, a country  must reduce crisis’s efficiency, must strengthen and improve the functions of government  crisis management , strengthen and improve the functions of government crisis management can accept government’s crisis management a person order, the standard,  in orderliness track, guaranteed the government when the crisis occurs can in the  shortest time the effective reassignment social resource, brings the loss the crisis to  reduce to the lowest degree. In this regard, this article from six to elaborate strategies to respond to crises：Establish a government crisis management early warning mechanism, enhance the predictability of public crisis; establish a rapid response mechanism, after the crisis to strengthen the capacity of government to deal with crisis; establish disposal crisis, authorities and relevant institutions, improve public crisis management science; mobilize the whole society in crisis where enhanced social identity; to strengthen information exchange, enhance the credibility of the government; strengthening the legal system, legal system of public crisis management.

Key word: Public crisis; Government management; Function of government

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