工程项目全寿命期成本控制的研究

摘  要
全寿命期成本管理是包括建设前期、建设期、使用期和拆除期等阶段总成本最小化的理论体系，而且把环境成本和社会成本一并纳入考虑。全寿命期成本管理是工程项目投资决策的重要分析工具，也是指导工程项目设计的重要思想和手段。全寿命期成本管理从实现“工程项目的全寿命期总成本最小化”出发，其核心是成本计划与控制方法不能只追求一次性建设投资的节省，而要从建设工程项目的整个寿命期的范围来考虑成本的节约，尤其要考虑工程项目建成后的运营与维护的费用。因此提出并应用全寿命期成本管理具有现实意义和长远意义。对全寿命期成本管理以及其成本分析的研究推动了全寿命期成本管理在成本管理领域中的应用，促进了成本管理的丰富和发展。在实际应用中能够运用全寿命期成本管理的方法更好地控制成本，最终达到节约资源并充分利用资源的目的。

关键词：工程项目；全寿命期；成本控制；总成本最小化
Abstract
Life cycle cost management is a kind of theory system, one including the first of construction, construction period, the use of period and demolish period, whose total costs minimize theory, and the social and environmental costs have been took into account. The life cycle cost management is not only an important analysis tool of the project investment decision, but also a thought and means of guiding the engineering project designs. Life cycle cost management comes from the implementation of " the minimal total cost of the project’ whole life cycle ", and its core is that the cost plan and control method can not only pursuit the disposable investment saving, but from the range of construction products’ life cycle to consider the cost savings, especially to consider costs after the end of operation and maintenance. This paper’s proposing and applying the full life cycle cost management has the practical significance and the theory studied meaning. This article, through the research of the whole life cycle cost management and its cost analysis, promotes the application of life cycle cost management in the field of the cost management, and promotes the enrichment and development of the cost management. In the practical application, we can use the full life cycle cost management method for better cost control, ultimately, to save resources and make full use of various resources.

Key words: engineering project; life cycle; cost control; the minimal total cost

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