弗洛伊德精神分析视野下《苔丝》中的克莱尔形象
摘要：《德伯家的苔丝》是哈代著称于世的“威塞克斯系列”小说中的一部力作。自《德伯家的苔丝》出版以来，对书中各主要人物的形象剖析层出不穷。其中，男主人公安吉•克莱尔因其复杂多面的性格特征而颇受关注。许多评论从不同角度对其形象进行多方位解析，解构出无数个安吉•克莱尔。哈代花大量笔墨对安吉•克莱尔的成长环境、思想观念以及在对待苔丝这一问题上所受的心理折磨作了充分的描述。详尽的心理刻画是哈代在克莱尔这一人物形象塑造上的最大特征。不同时期的心理转变折射出该阶段克莱尔精神人格中各部分的构成、转变和相互影响。
本文拟从弗洛伊德精神分析学角度深入剖析克莱尔的精神人格，探求其精神人格中的本我、自我和超我构成、转变及其原因，论证其人物形象的合理性。
关键词：德伯家的苔丝； 克莱尔；精神人格； 弗洛伊德
On Angel Clare in Tess of the D’Urbervilles with Freud’s Psychoanalysis Theory
Abstract: Tess of the D’Urbervilles is one of Hardy’s world-famous “Wessex series” novels. Various anatomies of the main characters in the novel emerge in an endless stream since its publication. The hero, Angel Clare is deeply concerned by readers because of his complicated characteristics. Many critics anatomize him from different views. Hardy gives a detailed description of Clare’s growing environment, ideology and the torture he suffers towards the problem of Tess. Full psychological description is the very feature of Hardy’s shaping of Angel Clare. Psychological changes in different periods reflect the constitutions, changes and mutual influences of each aspect in Clare’s psychic personality.
Id, ego, and super-ego are the three parts of the “psychic apparatus” defined in Sigmund Freud's structural model of the psyche; they are the three theoretical constructs in terms of whose activity and interaction mental life is described.
The changes of Clare’s psychic personality are divides into three periods in order to clarify specific details. Besides, a detailed interpretation of Clare’s super-ego is given to analyze his behaviors better. An additional chapter is given to analyze Clare’s somnambulating after he acknowledges the past of Tess
This thesis plans to give an in-depth anatomy of Clare’s psychic personality with Freud’s psychoanalysis, explores the constitution, changes and related reasons of id, ego and super-ego, so as to prove the rationality of the character Angel Clare.
Key words: Tess of the D’Urbervilles; Clare; psychic personality; Freud
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