对电视访谈节目《狗熊会英雄》进行会话分析

摘  要

本文旨在以Sacks, Schegloff和Jefferson提出的话轮转换模型为理论基础， 采用定性和定量分析相结合的方式，对电视访谈节目《狗熊会英雄》的第二期中的中间部分的会话进行语用分析，并分析总结出在会话中主持人控制会话的技巧。
通过分析发现,在电视访谈中，主持人是节目的领导者与话题的引导者，他控制着整个会话节目中的话轮分配。嘉宾是节目的参与者，他起到延伸话题的作用，对话轮的控制很弱，但是他是整个会话节目的焦点。在会话节目的整个过程中，话轮在主持人与嘉宾间转换。嘉宾通过话轮转换理论得到话轮，持有话轮来更详细更深刻的陈述自己的观点。主持人通过话轮转换理论放弃话轮，得到话轮，是整个他还节目顺利的进行下去。所以掌握话轮转换理论对主持人来说是必要的。本文对于话轮转换的进一步研究具有重要的意义，但仍存在不足。

关键词：电视访谈节目；  话轮转换系统；  话轮；  相邻对；  话轮转换控制策略。
Abstracts

This thesis is based on the turn-taking system come up by Sacks, Schegloff and Jefferson as the employed theories. Use the combination of the qualitative method and the quantitative method to analyze the middle part belonging to the second phase of the TV interview—A Bear Will Be a Hero. So it is testified that whether the principles is adjusted to the TV program—A Bear will Be a Hero and the techniques of the host are concluded.
It is found that in TV interview programs, host is the program’s and the topic’s leader and is in charge of the turn-allocation. Guests are the program’s participants. He deepens the topic and has little power to control the turn, but he is the focus of the program. During the conversation’s whole process, the turns change between the hosts and the guests. Guests employ the turn-taking system’s principles to get and hold turn, so they can express themselves more clearly and more completely. Hosts use the turn-taking principles to yield and claim the turn, so they can make the conversation continue fluently and around the topic all the time, then they can make the topic go in deep. So mastering the principles of turn-taking system is necessary for hosts. This thesis has a significant function to further study the turn-taking system, but there are still some deficiencies in this thesis.

Key words: TV interview program;  turn-taking system;  turn; adjacency pairs; turn-taking control strategies.

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