FIDIC合同条件下的工程索赔分析
摘 要
合同是承包商索赔的依据和基础，而在国际工程项目中最常用的合同条件就是被誉为“土木工程圣经”的FIDIC合同条款。国际工程承发包市场竞争日益加剧，市场处于买方市场，尤其是在近些年金融危机的冲击下，许多国际项日被延期甚至取消，为了取得有限的承包项目，承包商很可能会采取压低投标报价等方式进行竞标，先低价中标而后靠工程索赔维护自身利益，即所谓的“低价中标，高价索赔”策略。这就要求承包商不仅仅在技术上要有一流的水平，而且要求在合同管理和工程索赔上要有超一流的水平才行。目前，我国仍有相当一部分承包商由于对工程索赔缺乏正确认识，表现在索赔过程中不敢索赔、不会索赔、不擅索赔。工程索赔是承包工程中经常发生的正常现象，属于正确履行合同的正当权利要求，索赔的性质属于经济补偿行为，而不是惩罚。索赔作为工程实施阶段的重要环节，其成败与否，对承包商至关重要，直接影响承包商的经济效益。正确认识索赔、探索索赔成功的条件、程序和策略以及提高索赔管理水平是承包商索赔管理中的重要任务；加强工程索赔证据的积累并及时处理，有效巧妙地运用索赔与反索赔的技巧和策略，方可在索赔与反索赔中立于不败之地。
关键词：FIDIC合同；承包商；工程索赔；索赔管理
Abstract
The contract is the basis and the contractor claim, and in the international engineering project of the conditions of contract is the most commonly used as "the civil engineering the bible" FIDIC contract terms. International project contracting market growing competition, market a buyer's market, especially in under the impact of the financial crisis, many international, was a delay has even, to get limited project contract, the contractor is likely to take down the bid price and enhance its way competitive power, by claim amount maintain enterprise interests. This requires the contractor on the technology not only to have the first-class level, in contract management and claims management more must have a powerful strength. China not only has the contractor for contract execution process of the claim did not cause enough attention, and some contractors for claim know there are deviation, which makes our contractors on the claim process can't claim, not claims, not good at claim for compensation, also makes our claims management level to be further improved. Engineering project management of the claim is a important content, is the contractor protection and realize their own legitimate rights of a kind of important means. A claim in the implementation stage of the project as an important link, its success or failure or not, it is very important to the contractor, the contractor directly influence the economic benefits. Strengthen the engineering claims the accumulation of evidence and timely processing, effectively smart use of claims and the counterclaim skills and strategies, be in the claim and claim in an invincible position. On the claim such an important situation, the correct understanding claims, explore claim the condition of success, procedures and strategies, and improve the claim management level is an important task in the management of the claim.
Key Words: FIDIC contract;The contractor; The engineering claims; claims management
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