浅谈中德在跨文化交际中的礼貌冲突

摘要：礼貌是各语言、各文化所共有的普遍现象，是由所有社会所认同的一种规范。它在人际交往中发挥着重要的作用，它有助于建立、维持和巩固良好的人际关系，促进社会交往。人们在交流时，都会努力做到礼貌。但礼貌具有文化特性，是特定文化价值在语言中的折射。由于文化的差异，人们对礼貌有不同的标准和认知，表现方式也各不相同。因此在跨文化交际中，会出现一些误解，我们必须认识到礼貌的文化特性，只有深入的了解，才能成功地实现交流.
该文立足于中德跨文化交际，谈论了双方之间的礼貌冲突。同时本文从社会、认知及思维定势三个角度分析了中国人和德国人在日常生活中产生礼貌冲突的原因，并辅以实例证明。同时众所周知，口译员在跨文化交际发挥着重要作用，所以本文思考了口译员在中德双方产生礼貌冲突时应具有的素质和表现。

关键词：跨文化交际，礼貌冲突，口译员，文化，礼貌原则
On the Conflicts of Politeness in Cross-Cultural Communication between Chinese and German
Abstract: Politeness is a common phenomenon. We can find it in all languages and cultures. All social identity politeness as a standard .It plays an important role in human communication. It is helpful to establish，maintain or consolidate a good relationship between people. All people are trying to be polite when they talk to other people. But, politeness is culture-specific to some extent and a reflection of specific cultural values in the language. Due to the cultural differences, people have different standard, expression and judgment. So, in cross-cultural communication, there are many misunderstandings. We should know the cultural characteristics of politeness. When we know it clearly, we can communicate with each other successfully. 
On the basis of Sino-German cross-cultural communication，this article analyzed the conflicts of politeness between Chinese and German. Also this article discussed the reasons from social, the cognition and the thought installing three angles in the daily life, supplemented by examples. As we all know, the interpreter play an important role in the cross-cultural communication. So this article thinks the interpreter should have quality and performance. When Chinese and German has politeness conflict.

Key words: cross-cultural communication, conflicts, interpreter, culture, polite standard

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