城市地铁建设中风险管理问题的研究-以xx地铁1号线建设为例
摘 要
城市地铁建设过程中存在着诸多风险，由于地铁建设规模大、工期长、影响因素多，加之施工具有隐蔽性、复杂性和不确定性等特点，如果技术和管理不能充分保证，势必导致地铁施工重大安全事故频发，甚至造成恶劣的社会影响和重大的经济损失。但城市修建地铁是有效改善城市交通拥堵的重要途径。郑州市近年来发展迅速，道路交通面临的巨大压力，已经严重影响到了城市的未来发展，加之京广铁路、陇海铁路对郑州市区的分割，也严重影响到了城市各功能区的联系。目前郑州市主干道的重要公交走廊上，公交车辆满载率多已超过100%。单靠城市公交调整，已经无法满足市民日常出行需求，建设地铁分流市民出行已刻不容缓。经批准正在修建的郑州地铁1号线西起西郊的高新经济开发区，东止东郊郑东新区龙子湖大学城北，线路全长约41.4公里，预计2013年底建成通车运行。在建郑州地铁1号线设站29座，全线穿越郑州中心地带，沿线周围高大建筑密布，地下管线众多，加之郑州市是破天荒首次修建地铁，并无成熟的经验，故此在地铁建设过程中，需要开展风险管理。经调查分析研究，笔者认为郑州地铁1号线建设的风险管理需要：加强对风险的客观认识；建立科学的风险管理体系；加强整体策划；培养专门人才；完善施工技术措施；加强知识管理在地铁风险管理中的运用；开展信息化管理，实施地铁施工安全数字监控与预警决策系统信息化。
关键词：城市地铁建设；风险管理；风险识别；风险应对
Abstract
City subway construction process exists many risks, because the Metro building large scale, long construction period, many influence factors, coupled with the construction has the nature of concealment, complexity and uncertainty of technology and management, if not fully guarantee, will inevitably lead to the subway construction major safety accidents, and even cause bad social influence and great economic losses. But the city to build the subway is effective to improve the city traffic jam of the important way. Zhengzhou city developed rapidly in recent years, the traffic is facing great pressure, has had a serious impact on the city development in the future, in addition to the Beijing-Guangzhou railway, the Longhai Railway in Zhengzhou downtown area segmentation, but also seriously affects city each function zone of contact. At present Zhengzhou city main road important public transport corridor, public transit vehicle load rate has exceeded 100%. Rely on city bus adjustment, has been unable to meet the people's daily travel demand, subway construction diversion for citizens to travel has been crunch time. Approval is the construction of the Zhengzhou Metro Line 1West of West High-tech Economic Development Zone, East stops on the eastern outskirts of Zheng Dong New District Longzihu university north, route length of approximately 41.4 km, is expected to complete at the end of 2013operation. In the construction of Zhengzhou Metro Line 1station29, all through the centre of Zhengzhou, along with around tall buildings, underground pipelines in Zhengzhou city is numerous, epoch-making first subway, experience is not mature, so in the process of subway construction, need to carry out risk management. The investigation and analysis of the research, the author thinks that the construction of Zhengzhou Metro Line 1need to strengthen risk management: risk of objective knowledge; establish a scientific risk management system; to strengthen the overall planning; cultivate talents; improve the construction technical measures; strengthening the knowledge management in subway risk management; informationization management, implementation of subway construction secure digital monitoring and early warning decision information system.
Key Words: City subway construction; risk management; risk identification; risk response
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