翻译中的文化缺失及其补偿策略

摘要：翻译的一个主要目的是能够正确传达文章意思，追求不同文化之间的和谐相处。然而，各民族在自己历史发展历程中，由于一些原因形成了具有自己特色的文化。某一地的文化往往会差别于其他地区的文化，尤其是在汉英文化中，这些差异就表现的更加明显，这也给翻译带来了难处。在翻译的过程中，译者要考虑到原语文本所承载的文化内涵，完整传达好译文的文化特色和文化信息，这也存在着一定的难度。某些语言所负载的信息在不同文化中无法找到对应元素，这往往会使得译者在跨文化翻译信息传递中顾此失彼，造成不必要的文化缺失，也会给读者造成片面的、甚至错误的理解。造成文化元素差异的原因可以表现在生活环境，风俗，宗教信，历史典故等方面。译者必须把握好这些文化意象和文化元素，努力弥补这些文化意象在翻译传递过程中的损失。本文从翻译中文化缺失的原因入手，找出容易产生文化缺失的元素，探求翻译过程中的缺失，并从翻译实践角度进行解读，再提出翻译中的补偿策略。最终得出，文化在翻译中起着重要作用，在很大程度上，翻译就是翻文化。

关键词：文化差异；文化缺失；文化意象；信息传递；文化补偿
Cultural Loss in Translation and Compensation Strategies

Abstract: A major purpose of translation is to correctly transfer the meaning in the text， pursuing the harmonious coexistence of different cultures. However, different nations have generated different cultures in the process of their own development. A culture in certain area varies from other areas，especially the Chinese culture and English culture bear more special features of their own, which will certainly pose difficulties to translators. It is difficult for translators to find the connotative meaning of the source text and fully transfer the cultural specifics and information. And sometimes they may fail to find equivalent cultural images in the target culture in the process of translation. And if they have not possessed correct methods, the source text may fail to convey the original meaning. The reasons for the differences of cultural elements can be mainly found in the aspects of living environment, customs, religious beliefs, and history stories and legends, which may bring difficulties to the translators and even the understanding of the readers. There will be various unnecessary losses while translating different cultural images among Chinese and English cultures. Thus, one may fail to achieve the harmonious effect in such image and information transfer among different cultures. The main purpose of this article is to research into reasons for cultural loss, analyze the losses in practice while translating some images, and then raise some appropriate compensation strategies in the Chinese-English translation. So the purpose of communication can be realized through translation by adopting proper measures. Finally I put forward the conclusion that culture plays an important role in translation，to a great extent，translating is translating cultures.  

Keywords: cultural difference; cultural loss; cultural image；information transfer; cultural compensation

*若需了解更多与协助请咨询↓→[电脑QQ][手机QQ]【数据协助】