大学英语阅读理解障碍分析及教学对策

摘  要

英语阅读在如今的大学英语教学过程中起着越来越重要的作用。著名英语教学法专家胡春洞先生在其与戴忠信合著的《英语阅读论》中指出：英语阅读不仅是英语学习的目的，而且是英语学习的手段和途径。已经有很多学者对外语学习者的英语阅读理解情况进行过调查和研究。这些研究不仅十分必要而且为英语教学提供了指导。
本文研究的三个问题分别为：（1）大学生英语阅读理解的整体情况如何？（2）影响学生英语阅读理解的因素是什么？（3）提高学生英语阅读理解的方法有哪些？然后以调查问卷和访谈为主要手段，以河北科技大学2009级85名非英语专业学生为调查对象对以上三个问题进行调查。调查问卷参考了李雪梅的非英语专业本科生英语阅读理解情况调查问卷。问卷共包括六个方面的内容(1) 词汇（2）阅读习惯（3）阅读技巧（4）背景知识（5）心理（6）阅读兴趣。
本研究首先阐述了英语阅读理解的重要性，指出本研究的必要性。然后以图示理论和三种阅读模式即“自上而下”模式、“自下而上”模式、“相互作用”模式为理论基础，通过调查问卷和访谈对大学生英语阅读理解障碍进行了现状调查，结果表明大学生在英语阅读理解方面都存在各种各样的障碍，其中词汇方面的障碍最为突出，最后本研究分别从教师角度和学生角度提出了提高大学生英语阅读理解的对策。

关键词：英语阅读理解；  障碍；  对策
Abstract

English reading plays a more and more important role on today’s English teaching in college. The famous English teaching expert Hu Chundong points out in his book On English Reading which is written with Dai Zhongxin that English reading is not only the purpose of English learning but also the tool and way to learn English. A lot of scholars have investigated and studied the situation of college students’ English reading comprehension. These studies are necessary and provide some guidance for English education.
The three research questions of the present study are addressed as follows: (1) What’s the general situation of college students’ English reading comprehension?(2) What are the key factors affecting their reading comprehension?(3) What are the countermeasures to improve their reading comprehension? Questionnaire survey and interviews are the primary means to investigate the above three questions and 85 non-English majors from Hebei University of Science and Technology are the subjects. The questionnaire takes reference to Li Xuemei’s Non-English Major Undergraduates’ English reading comprehension Investigation Questionnaire. The whole questionnaire includes six aspects: (1) vocabulary (2) reading habits (3) reading skill (4) background knowledge (5) psychology (6) reading interest.
This study firstly states the importance of English reading comprehension, pointing out the necessity of this study. Based on schema theory and three kinds of reading model: Top-down model, Bottom-up model, Interactive model, the study has a current situation investigation on college English reading comprehension obstacles through questionnaire and interview. The result shows that college students have various obstacles in English reading comprehension, especially in vocabulary. At last, this study puts forward the countermeasures from the point of teacher and student.

Key words: English reading comprehension;   obstacles;   countermeasures

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