论原型范畴理论在英语词汇教学中的运用

摘要：认知语言学家认为语言结构就像非语言的概念结构一样，也有原型效应。语言也是世界的一部分，我们也可以像对自然物体一样对语言进行范畴化。语言范畴就是围绕这个原型不断向外扩展而逐步形成的。并且因为处在不同的地域所形成的文化差异也会造成不同语言的词汇对于原型的界定有着不同程度的标准。原型范畴理论在词汇范畴化，语法范畴化，音位范畴化做出了很大的贡献。一个新的语言理论的产生必然要应用到语言教学当中.现在大学英语词汇教学也存在诸多问题。因此，本文将把原型范畴理论引用到大学英语词汇教学当中，注重基本范畴词汇，英汉词汇概念原型的不一致和多义词的教学，来提高学生外语习得的效率，帮助学生更有效地学习英语词汇，提高学生的外语水平。

关键词：原型理论；词汇学习；运用
Prototype Theory in Teaching English Vocabulary

Abstract: Cognitive Linguists claim that there is also a prototypical effect in structure of language as same as in conceptual structure of non-language. Language is also a part of the world. We can categorize language like categorizing natural objects. Language category is established by centering on prototype and extending gradually. Moreover, there are kinds of categorization boundary standards for every language because of different cultural background from different regions. Prototype theory has been applied in vocabulary categorization, grammar categorization and phoneme categorization and achieves great achievements. After a new linguistic theory coming into being, it is indispensable to apply it to language teaching. Nowadays there are many problems in college vocabulary teaching. Therefore, this paper will focus on how to apply prototype theory to college English teaching and emphasize basic category terms, different conceptual prototypes between Chinese and English terms and polysemies teaching. The aim is to improve efficiency of foreign language acquisition, help students study vocabulary more effectively and improve their English proficiency.

Keywords: Prototype Theory; Vocabulary study; Application

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