论《第二十二条军规》中的黑色幽默

摘要：黑色幽默是20世纪60年代美国兴起的文学流派，在二战后的西方文坛占有重要的地位.黑色幽默的出现与其当时的社会、历史和文化背景分不来。
黑色幽默文学的主要表现形式是小说，谈到黑色幽默小说，美国著名作家约瑟夫•海勒的《第二十二条军规》总是被评论家们作为经典而津津乐道。自从出版以来，各种评论纷至沓来，评论的视角涉及小说的诸多方面.本文在对黑色幽默研究现状进行分析的基础上，从整体来探讨《第二十二条军规》中的黑色幽默。
本论文主要分为五大部分，第一部分是文献综述和论文结构，主要介绍了约瑟夫•海勒的生平、《第二十二条军规》的创作背景以及国内外对黑色幽默的有关研究成果，以此为论文的写作找到依据和进一步研究的依托，论文结构主要阐明了作者的写作思路。第二部分是是本论文的重点，主要探讨了黑色幽默在《第二十二条军规》中的表现，从语言特色、荒诞的人物形象、荒诞的事件和反传统的结构这四个方面来论述。第三部分是论述了影响海勒独特的黑色幽默三个原因：海勒的人生经历、犹太文化的影响以及存在主义哲学的影响。第四部分是黑色幽默文学对中西文学创作的影响，最后是对以上论述的总结
本论文对黑色幽默及《第二十二条军规》的研究是因为黑色幽默是美国具有特色的文化现象，能帮助我们更好地理解西方文学发展历程。

关键词：黑色幽默；《第二十二条军规》；荒诞；约瑟夫•海勒
Abstract: Black humor is an important western literary form which has jumped to spotlight in America in the 1960's. Its appearance is not accidental but closely associated with the social, historical and literary background.
Black humor literature mainly involves novels. Joseph Heller's Catch-22 has always been regarded as a masterpiece whenever black humor is concerned. Since its publication in 1961, criticisms and reviews on this novel have covered a wide range of aspects. Based on the review of current studies concerning black humor. The thesis provides an overall study of black humor and the Catch-22.
This thesis consists of five sections. the first section is about the literature review and the structure of the paper. The literature review will introduce the writer Joseph Heller and his work Catch-22. What's more, I will also provide a picture of the current research on the black humor which helps me establish the proper foundation and standpoint of my study. The second part is the structure of the paper and it will illustrate main structure of the paper. The second section centers on the embodiment of black humor in the Catch-22, including four parts: the absurdity in language, the absurdity in characterization, the absurdity of event and absurdity in structure. The third section mainly discusses three factors to the Heller's unique black humor which include Heller's life experience; Jewish culture and the existential philosophy. The fourth section is the influence of black humor on literature creation of Chinese and western writers. The fifth section is conclusion, to sum up all the aspects above .
Black humor novel is the literary phenomenon once flowered in America. My study on the Heller's representative work Catch-22 and the black humor will help us get better understanding on the Western literature.

Keywords: Black humor; Catch-22; Absurdity; Joseph Heller

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