韩礼德及物性理论框架下对奥巴马演讲的心理过程分析

摘    要

语言是人类交流的工具，演讲是语言艺术的集中体现。近些年来，政治演说以其富丽的色彩，多变的语言技巧和卓越的感染力、说服力吸引了大批语言学家的关注。演说家超群的演说技巧更是得到语言学学者广泛研究。侯赛因•巴拉克•奥巴马总统作为美国历史上第一位非裔美国总统，同时也是一名出色的政治演说家。他以其颇具吸引力与感染力的演讲赢得了美国民众的支持，同时也受到语言学家的极大青睐。学者们从语体学、修辞学、系统功能语法等多种角度展开了研究。其中系统功能语法着重强调语言的功能意义，多数学者从及物性系统角度对奥巴马政治演讲展开研究。
本文试图从系统功能语言学角度，运用及物性系统下的心理过程理论分析奥巴马政治性演讲的特点、分析心理过程语句展现出的奥巴马总统深层的政治态度与观点，研究结果显示：1）三种心理过程在奥巴马演讲中均有体现，认知过程居多，其次是情感过程，感觉过程数量最少。2）在奥巴马执政之前和执政之后的演讲中，各类心理过程的使用分布不同。执政后情感过程的使用频率高于竞选期间。3）在所有运用到的心理过程语句中，为避免激化矛盾，引起分歧，奥巴马很少使用厌恶类的动词表达其反对意见。4）奥巴马心理过程涵盖了许多不同的现象，这些现象可以被分为政治类、外交类、经济类及其他类。奥巴马常常以不同种类的心理过程对应不同的现象。

 关键词:    奥巴马；  政治演讲;  心理过程； 系统功能语法 
Abstract

Language is a tool for communication, while speech is the art of communication. In recent years，more and more political speeches earn wide attention from linguists because of their gorgeous color, various speech skills and superb persuasion. Barack Obama, the first African-American President in America, is representative political speaker. He gained not only the support from the American people but also the attention from linguists due to his attractive and impressive language style. Many scholars analyze his speeches from the perspective of Rhetoric, Stylistics and Systemic functional grammar. Systemic functional grammar focus on the metafunction of language and many scholars analyze Obama’s speeches from the perspective of transitivity.
The thesis makes an analysis of the mental process in Obama’s speeches under the framework of Halliday’s transitivity, aiming to find out President Obama’s language features and his deeper political attitude through mental process analysis. The research findings showed that: 1) All the three types of mental process were found in Obama’s speeches. The cognitive process was the most frequently used process. The affective process and the sense process take the second and the third place respectively. 2) As these selected speeches are from 2 periods, the applications of 3 mental processes are different before and after his tenure. After he got in his tenure, more affective verbs can be found in his articles than those in his election period. 3) In Obama’s political speeches, avoiding making conflicts and divergence, the verbs which can convey his emotion of dislikes are less directly applied. 4) There are many kinds of phenomenon in Obama’s mental processes, which can be classified into politics, foreign affairs, economy and others. Obama often used different phenomenon to match different mental process.

Key Words: Obama;   political speeches;   mental process;   Systemic functional grammar

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