英汉委婉语中文化内涵的对比研究

摘要：委婉语是不同文化中普遍存在的一种语言现象，并广泛应用于社会生活的各个方面。委婉语在语言交际中承担着避讳、礼貌、掩饰等社会功能，是语言交际中协调人际关系和社会关系的“润滑剂”。
英语和汉语中都存在着大量的委婉语。然而，不同语言、不同文化背景下的委婉语存在着巨大的差异。本论文旨在前人研究的相关理论基础上，从文化层面入手，探索分析英汉委婉语中文化内涵的异同。研究结论有助于学习者和研究者加深对中英委婉语文化内涵的理解，从而恰当地解读和使用委婉语，减少和避免跨文化交际中产生的一系列问题，实现和谐有效的跨文化交流。此外，了解汉英文化的异同对外语教学、翻译等诸多方面也有较大的实用价值和现实意义。
    本文由三大部分组成：引言、主体及结论，而主体部分包括三章内容。
    引言部分简要概述了国内外对委婉语这种语言现象和社会现象的研究。
    第一章在回顾前人研究的基础上，探究了委婉语的定义、功用以及中英委婉语的起源。
    第二章和第三章从文化角度对中英委婉语中文化内涵的异同做了比较研究。第二章主要从相同的禁忌心理，共同的礼貌原则和一致的审美观三个方面分析了中英委婉语中蕴含的文化相似点。第三章通过进一步的比较，重点从宗教、社会价值观和道德观三方面揭示了从中英委婉语中反映出的文化差异点。
    第四章则提出了在跨文化交际中使用委婉语的两点原则，既要充分意识到不同文化的异同，又要注意正确恰当地使用禁忌语，这样才能避免不必要的误解和冒犯，从而实现和谐有效的跨文化交流。
    论文的结论部分对全文进行了简短的总结，得出对比中英委婉语中文化内涵的一些启示，同时，还说明了解汉英文化的异同对于更好地进行语言学习、外语教学、翻译等诸多方面都有较大的实用价值和现实意义。

关键词：委婉语；文化内涵；对比研究；跨文化交际

 
A Comparison of Cultural Connotations in
 English and Chinese Euphemism

Abstract

     Euphemism, as a commonly existed linguistic phenomenon, is widely used in every aspect of our social life. Euphemism serves as the "lubricant" in communication and it aims at avoiding taboos and being polite.
     Plenty of euphemisms can be found both in English and Chinese.However, they demonstrate great differences in different cultural backgrounds. This thesis is a comparison of cultural connotations in English and Chinese euphemisms, which will help the language learners and researchers have a better understanding of the different cultural connotations and it will contribute to a successful intercultural communication. What's more, this thesis also has its pragmatic value and practical significance in language learning as well as language teaching, translation and some other fields.
This thesis consists of three parts: introduction, main body and conclusion.Then the main body is divided into three chapters.
First a brief introduction is presented to the researches home and abroad on euphemism as a linguistic and social phenomenon .
Based on the review of previous studies,chapter one forms the basis of the whole research by exploring the definition of euphemism,this chapter also  reveals the feature and origin of English and Chinese euphemisms.
Then the second and third chapters intends to make a comparison of the similarities and differences between English and Chinese euphemisms from the cultural perspective. Chapter two analyzes the cultural similarities that are strongly reflected in English and Chinese euphemisms,especially in terms of the same taboo root,common politeness principle and aesthetic consensus.Then,in chapter three, a further contrastive study is made between English and Chinese euphemisms,focusing on differences from the perspectives of different religions, social values and ethics.
Chapter Four deals with some principles in the application of euphemisms
in cross-culture communication. Awareness of cultural differences and proper use of taboos can avoid many unnecessary misunderstandings or offenses,thus contributing a lot to the successful cross-cultural communication.
The conclusion part draws some important enlightenment from the comparison.What's more, pragmatic value and practical significance of euphemisms are mentioned with some proposals of better language learning as well as language teaching, translation and some other fields.

Key words: euphemism; cultural connotations; comparison; intercultural     communication

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