汉英语言差异及其对中国英语教学的影响

语言与文化的关系十分密切，是文化诸多因素中最重要的部分之一，而且是唯一凭其符号作用而跟整个文化相关联的部分。虽然语言之间是相通的，但在一定程度上本土语言汉语本身对英语的学习有一定的制约。汉语有自己构建好的完整语言框架，学习者在学习过程中会不自觉地拿新的语言单位往这个框架里搬套而忽视了汉英语言的差异,从而产生了困扰学习者的“中式英语”的问题，这就是所谓的负迁移现象。
    随着全球化的发展，中国学习英语的势头很高。汉英属于不同的语言体系，有着不同的文化背景。因此薄弱的语言习得能力一直困扰着学习者。怎样提高英语呢？最灵活的因素就是教学了。
汉英语言的差异对教学是影响重大的。语音差异会影响学生的口语，听力水平；语义差异导致学生翻译和阅读方面的失误；句式结构及表达方式则影响写作水平以及组织表达能力。那么，选择正确的教学法就显得至关重要。本文通过对比分析汉英语言在语音、语义、句式结构及表达三方面的差异来看现在中国英语教学法的利弊,结合培训机构给予一定的建议。最终的目的还是希望中国学生在英语实际运用能力方面的提高。

关键词：汉英语言差异;语音;语义;句式结构和表达方式;教学法
The Difference between Chinese and English and Its Influence on English Language Teaching in China

Abstract: Language, one of the most important elements of culture, is closely related with culture depending on its semiotic function. Languages are interlinked, however, English language acquisition is restricted by the indigenous language Chinese. Chinese has its own complete language frame work, so that learners spontaneously move those new linguistic unit into the frame while neglect the differences between Chinese and English in the process of learning. Consequently, the problem of “Chinese English” turns out and this is what called the negative transfer.
With the development of globalization, the tide of learning English in china is extremely high. Chinese and English belongs to two different systematic languages with different backgrounds, thus the existed problem “poor language competence” feaze learners a lot. The question is that how to learn English effectively and correctly.
The most flexible element is teaching and learning between teachers and students.
    The current situation of English language teaching in China has both advantages and disadvantages. Students spend more time learning but receive fewer results. That is the problem which should be solved through teaching.
The difference between Chinese and English affects English language teaching significantly. The difference of phonetics affects students’ oral English and listening ability. The difference of semantics leads to mistakes of translation and reading. And the sentence structure and expressions determines students’ writing and expressing abilities. Obviously, choosing the correct teaching method and approach is extremely important. Through the comparison of those three differences and the simple analysis of English teaching methods in China, this article will give some suggestions with the combination of training institutions. The final aim is to improve students’ integrated practical ability.

Keywords: The difference between Chinese and English; phonetics; semantics; sentence structure and expressions; methods and approaches

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