从阐释学角度分析《道德经》英文多译本
《道德经》，又称《老子》，是中国先秦时代一部具有完整哲学体系的道教著作。作为中国古典文化的经典，《道德经》对中国传统文化和人们的生活具有重要的意义。自1868年第一个英译本诞生以来，它也在世界上受到广泛关注，并产生了广泛的影响。上世纪，《道德经》大量翻译和出版，成为除《圣经》外翻译版本最多的著作。因此，研究《道德经》的翻译对于弘扬中华优秀传统文化有着重要的意义。本文从哲学阐释学的视角对这一部中国典籍的英译进行比较研究。哲学阐释学认为，翻译就是理解和阐释的过程。伽达默尔的阐释学两大原则:理解的历史性和视界融合原则为典籍英译研究提供了新的视角。同时，他指出，译者既是读者也是阐释者。论文系统梳理了伽达默尔的现代阐释学思想，审视了阐释学与中国典籍翻译的关系，然后进一步各自分析了两个具有重要影响的英文译本：理雅各版本和林语堂版本。通过从阐释学的角度对译本进行比较分析，意在为《道德经》英文本的研究提供一个更为科学的结论。
关键词:《道德经》；哲学阐释学；理解的历史性；视域融合
Abstract
Tao Te Ching, also called Lao Tzu, is the work of Taoism with a complete philosophy system in pre-Qin times in China. As one of the most outstanding Chinese classics, Tao Te Ching is of profound significance in Chinese society, both in its philosophical and religious influences and its secular application to everyday life. Since its first English translation by the Englishman John Chalmers in 1868, it has received great attention around the world, especially in Britain and America. In the last century, Tao Te Ching was translated and published successively, which makes it the most widely translated text except the Bible. Thus, the study of the translation of Tao Te Ching is of the essence in carrying forward the prime of traditional Chinese culture. The thesis intends to explore the English translation of this Chinese classic from the perspective of hermeneutics. In light of philosophical hermeneutics, translating is a process of understanding and interpreting. The prime principles of hermeneutics, which are the historical interpretation and fusion of horizons, provide a valuable angle for the translation study of Chinese traditional classics. Aslo, he points out that the translator is both a reader and an interpreter. After combining Gadamer’s hermeneutics and the evaluation of the relationship between hermeneutics and translation, the thesis further analyzes the two specific English versions which are of great importance and influence: James Legge’s translated version and Lin Yutang’s respectively. Through a comparative analysis of the versions from hermeneutics, the thesis intends to provide a more scientific approach to the study of English versions of Tao Te Ching.
Key words: Tao Te Ching; philosophical hermeneutics; historical understanding; fusion of horizons
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