经典荒岛小说《蝇王》与《鲁滨逊漂流记》之比较

那些从故事的场景、情节到创作思想都不同于其他小说的共同特征的小说，往往被称为“荒岛小说”。就场景而言，这类小说都是以“荒岛”作为展开故事的特定空间，“荒岛”成了“荒岛小说”的特殊标记，即独有的艺术符号；就情节而言，由于某种不以人们意志为转移的原因而流落荒岛，在岛上有着奇特的经历，最终意外获救，回归人类社会，这是构成“荒岛小说”主要情节的三部曲；就创作思想而言，“荒岛小说”一般都是使人物的活动范围脱离现实社会的复杂环境，将生活缩小到易于把握和处理的程度，从而开辟出一块任凭自己发挥的天地，以便作者凭借自己的生活感受和想象力去自由自在地探索人与社会相隔离、在没有文明道德规范约束情况下的生存模式以及人的本性。丹尼尔•笛福（Daniel Defoe）的《鲁滨逊飘流记》威廉•戈尔丁的《蝇王》就是“荒岛小说”的代表作。本文旨在对这两部小说的情节、主题和创作手法等进行比较，分析其不同。
通过对《鲁滨逊漂流记》与《蝇王》的分析比较可以看到,在形式上, 荒岛小说从演绎理想社会的人间伊甸园发展到演绎人性的黑暗, 从洋溢着乐观理性的美好新世界发展到充满噩梦般兽性释放的空间。从写作手法上, 从写实为主发展到写实与现代主义多种手法相结合。在主题上,正如魏颖超在《论英国荒岛文学源流》一文中所说：“荒岛小说并非宣传藉荒岛来寻求逃避社会的处所, 而是表达作者社会、政治、哲学观点的一种手段。研读这两部经典的荒岛文学作品，使我们更好地把握住西方文明嬗变的历程以及文学形式演化的渊源。

关键词：荒岛小说；笛福；戈尔丁；《鲁滨逊漂流记》；《蝇王》；嬗变
The Comparison of the two Desolate Island Fictions-
    Robinson Crusoe and Lord of the Flies

Abstract: Those fictions which the scene, plot and story creation are different from other novels' common features, are sometimes called the "desolate island fiction". In terms of the scenes, this kind of novels always used the "desolate island" as the specific space of a story, "desolate island" became a special sign of the desolate island fiction; on the plot, because of certain reasons, protagonists driftage on a desolate island, then they had a strange experience on the desolate island, and ultimately rescued, return to human society, this is the trilogy of the desolate island fiction; In terms of the ideas of creation, in the desolate island fiction, protagonist were generally escaping from the complex environment of social life, their life were narrowed to the extent that easy to grasp and handle, thus opening up a space, in order that writers could use their own life experience and imagination to freely explore the human and social isolation. Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe and William Golding's Lord of the Flies are two masterpieces of the desolate island fiction. This article is intended to compare the two novels from the plot, themes and the ideas of creation.
Through the analysis and comparison of Robinson Crusoe and Lord of the Flies, in the form, we can find that desert fiction developed from the interpretation of the ideal society Eden to the interpretation of darkness of humanity, from the optimistic and rational new world to a space which full of nightmare-like bestiality; As to the writing style, it has developed from realism-based to the combination of realism, modernism and varieties of other techniques; when talked about the subject, we can find that it just as Wei Ying Chao wrote in the The Origin of English desert fiction", desolate island fiction is not seeking a desolate island to publicize how to escape the reality, but it is the way by which authors express their social, political, philosophical point of view. Reading the two classical desolate island fictions, we can better grasp the transmutation of the course of Western civilization and the origin of the evolution of literary forms.

Keywords: desolate island fiction;Defoe;Golding;Robinson Crusoe; Lord of the Flies; transmutation

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